Attachment - Cultural Variation Flashcards
1
Q
Define Cultural Variation
A
Differences in norms and values that exist between people in different groups
2
Q
Studies of cultural variation:
A
- van Ijendoorn
- Simonella
- Jin
3
Q
Describe Van Ijendoorn’s study of cultural variation
A
- meta analysis of 32 studies of strange situation
- 1990 children in total
- in all countries secure attachment was most common
- Insecure resistant was least common overall but most common in Israel
- Insecure avoidant was most common in Germany and least common in Japan
4
Q
Insecure resistant was most common in
A
Israel
5
Q
Insecure avoidant was most common in
A
Germany
6
Q
Insecure avoidant was least common in
A
Japan
7
Q
The most common attachment type was
A
Secure
8
Q
Secure attachment was most common in
A
Britain
9
Q
Describe Simonella’s study of cultural variation
A
- Italy
- 76, 12 month olds using strange situation
- 50% secure, 36% insecure-avoidant
Lower rate than normal, thought its due to increase of mothers working longer
Suggests cultural variation effects attachment
10
Q
Describe Jin’s study of cultural variation
A
- Korea
- 87 children, strange situation
- Similar findings to Japan
Similar child rearing styles
11
Q
Conclusions of research into cultural variation
A
- Support Bowlbys idea of attachment being universal
- Contradicts Bowlbys idea as shows culture effects attachment
12
Q
Evaluation of Research into Cultural Variation
A
- Large samples
- Unrepresentative samples (between countries not cultures)
- Strange situation lacks validity (temperament may be a confounding variable)
- Bias theory (America researcher based on British theory)
