Attachment Ao3

Question 1

Ao3 weakness learning theory (non rtc)

Answer 1

Environmental reductionism
P- learning theory criticised for ER
E-complex behaviour, simple basic units
E-neglects a holistic approach (social and cultural context )
L- lack validity, can’t understand behaviour in context.

Question 2

Learning theory AO3 weakness (Harlow)

Answer 2

P- Rtc Harlow
E-found contact comfort to be the most important factor in attachment
E-same must be true humans, learning theorists said humans equal non-humans
L-Contradicts LT assumption that attachment -feeder through association.

Question 3

Animal studies ao3 Lorenz (strength )

Answer 3

P- praised practice apps
E-principles of research Cp-12-17hrs, importance of CP
E- psychologists promote early interactions
L- important applied psych : animal and human attachment

Question 4

Animal studies ao3 Weakness Lorenz ( can be used as a counter for prac apps)

Answer 4

P- criticised animal bias- goslings to investigate attachment
E- human attachment complex more sophisticated
E- eg two way process in humans, hard to extrapolate findings
L- limiting extent used to explain human attachment

Question 5

Animal studies ao3 Lorenz weakness

Answer 5

P- researcher bias
E- recorded own observations
E- may only choose supportive results eg: only one imprinted
L- lowers internal validity- may not be truly measuring

Question 6

Harlow Animal studies Ao3 strength

Answer 6

P-prac apps
E- principles contact comfort most important- real world child rearing needs
E- used by professionals identify children at risk and intervene
L- important applied psych explaining formations of attachment
CA- Animal bias

Question 7

Ao3 animal studies Harlow (weakness, can also be a CA for prac apps)

Answer 7

P- criticised animal bias
E- used rhesus monkeys investigate attachment
E- human attachment more complex more sophisticated emotions (eg two way process)
L-difficult extrapolating findings to humans.

Question 8

Ao3 Animal studies Harlow weakness

Answer 8

P- ethical issues: harm monkeys
E- monkeys suffered (list)
L- limiting research animal attachment
CA- importance outweighs distress, change belief prac apps

Question 9

Bowlbys monotropic theory of attachment(explanation) RTC ,

Answer 9

P-Rtc Shaffer and Emerson
E-multiple attachments
E- help child develop emotionally cognitively socially
L-contradicts monotropy (explain) limiting explanation
TF- 65% specific attachments - mum

Question 10

Bowlbys monotropic theory of attachment(explanation) RTS Lorenz

Answer 10

P- RTS-Lorenz
E- CP 12-17 hrs imprinting or not at all
E-supports bowlbys CP of 2.5yrs
L-therefore strengthening Monotropic theory
CA- animal bias

Question 11

Bowlbys monotropic theory of attachment(explanation) RTS Hazel and Shaver

Answer 11

P-RTS Hazen and Shaver ‘love quiz’
E- secure positive future relationships (insecure negative: divorce)
E- IWM supports early relationships template future
L- supports bowlbys monotropic
CA- self report Social desirability bias

Question 12

Infant caregiver interactions AO3 WEAKNESS

Answer 12

P-low ecological validity
E- controlled lab environment
E-difficult to generalise findings to real Iife- may behave differently
L-lowers the external validity
D-too young to notice change in environment?

Question 13

Infant caregiver interactions AO3 STRENGTH EV

Answer 13

P-⬆️ extraneous variables
E-controlled environment (NO OTHER ADULTS PRESENT)
E-cause and effect - cg and the infants response (interactions)
L- ⬆️internal validity

Question 14

Infant caregiver interactions AO3 STRENGTH PRAC APPS

Answer 14

P-praised prac apps
E-demonstrates the importance of infant caregiver interactions -> Later development
E-psychologists use to minimise later harm
L- important part of applied psych

Question 15

Ainsworths types of attachment Ao3 WEAKNESS

Answer 15

P-⬇️ ecological validity
E- controlled environment
E-difficult- generalise to real life attachment
Infant may behave differently (example)
L- ⬇️ external validity

Question 16

Ainsworths types of attachment Ao3 WEAKNESS

Answer 16

P-imposed etic
E-🇺🇸 child rearing practices
E-ignores other practices in other cultures (🇧🇪)
L-sec- not appropriate other cultures

Question 17

Ainsworths types of attachment Ao3 STRENGTH

Answer 17

P-⬆️reliability
E-controlled setting (2 way mirror) standardised procedure (7 3 min episodes )
E-repeat check consistent results
L-into attachment types
been done in many cultures

Question 18

Influence of early attachment on relationships AO3 STRENGTH

Answer 18

P-RTS Harlow
E-raised in cages separated @ birth - no early attachment
E- difficult relationships - mating
L- supports- shows negative early attachment = negative future relationships
CA- animal bias

Question 19

Influence of early attachment on relationships AO3 WEAKNESS 1

Answer 19

P- deterministic
E- theory- later relationships controlled and determined by early attachments (eg…)
E- free will?(eg….)
L- limiting research- early attachments on future relationships

Question 20

Influence of early attachment on relationships AO3 WEAKNESS 2

Answer 20

P-not socially sensitive
E-suggests childhood +adult relationships and parenting down to - attachment in childhood
E-sole blame- parents relationship failure- damaging relationships
L-raises ethical issues

Question 21

Cultural variations in attachment AO3 WEAKNESS 1

Answer 21

P-exposed etic
E- SS tool US child rearing - ignoring other practices
E-lack of separation anxiety- Insecure avoidant - 🇩🇪
L- not appropriate- all countries- measure attachment

Question 22

Cultural variations in attachment AO3 WEAKNESS 2

Answer 22

P- culture bias
E-18/32 us western individualistic
E- 5/32 non western collectivist
L- difficult generalise to all cultures
TF- not representative

Question 23

Cultural variations in attachment AO3 STRENGTH

Answer 23

P-⬆️ population validity
E- meta analysis 32 studies - large sample 2000 infants
E- easier to generalise to target population
L- ⬆️ external val - research into cultural variation in attachment