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Psychology > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of an attachment?

A

an emotional reciprocal bond between two people

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2
Q

the three behaviours that indicate that an attachment has been formed?

A
  • proximity seeking
  • separation anxiety
  • secure base behaviour
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3
Q

define a caregiver?

A

any person providing care for a child - mostly mother

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4
Q

define interactional synchrony?

A

caregiver and child mirror what the other is doing in terms of their facial expressions and body movement in a coordinated way

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5
Q

define reprocity?

A

responding to the action of another with similar action

the actions if one person elicits a response from the other (turn taking)

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6
Q

what is caregiverese?

A

high pitched voice used by adults to aid communication between carer and infant to increase attachment

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7
Q

explain Brazeltons research into reciprocity?

A
  • early reciprocity lays the foundation for later attachment between caregiver and infant
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8
Q

explain Meltzoff and Moores research into interactional synchrony?

A
  • investigate age that interactional synchrony occurs between mum n child
  • videotaped twelve 21 day old babies
  • adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions or gestures
  • observed beginnings of IS in babies as young as 2 weeks old
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9
Q

evaluation of research into caregiver infant interactions?

A

• filmed in a controlled environment
- observation with behavioural categories + coding system
- can be watched multiple times by multiple people - inter observer reliability - high internal validity

• difficult to interpret a baby’s behaviour - they lack self control and stability - move a lot and easily distracted - cant be sure its not a coincidence that they make the facial expression

• doesn’t tell us its developmental importance as it simply describes behaviour that occur @ same time not their purpiose
- cant obtain from research alone that reciprocal interaction and synchrony are helpful in development of attachment altho there is more research fo suggest a connection

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10
Q

who is the key study for the STAGES of attachment?

A

shcaffer and emerson !!!!

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11
Q

what are the aims of Schaffer’s study on stages of attachment?

A

asses whether there was a pattern of attachment formation that was common to all infants

and identify and describe the distinct stages by which attachment develops

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12
Q

whats the procedure of Schaffers stages of attachment study?

A

• longitudinal study on 60 new born babies and their mothers from a working class area of glasgow
• studied at monthly intervals for the first year of their life and again at 18 months
• babies were studied at home, interactions with their carers observed and carers were interviewed about their babies responses
• evidence for development of an attachment was the baby showered separation anxiety after a carer left and stranger anxiety when researchers approached

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13
Q

what could they conclude from Schaffers stage of attachment key study?

A

• the process of attachment is biologically controlled
• attachments most likely to form with those responded accurately to the baby’s signals
• multiple attachments is the norm and mothering can be shared

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14
Q

what is the four stages of attachment?

A
  • asocial attachment
  • indiscriminate attachment
  • specific attachment
  • multiple attachment
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15
Q

describe the asocial stage (1) of attachment?

A
  • 0/2 months
  • cant distinguish between animate and inanimate objects
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16
Q

describe the indiscriminate stage (2) of attachment?

A
  • 2/7 months
  • display more observable social behaviour
  • show preference for people than objects (but not for any one person)
17
Q

describe the discriminate stage (3) of attachment?

A
  • 7/9 months!!!
  • attachment formed
  • seperation and stranger anxiety showed
  • primary attachment figure formed (person who responds to signals - signal responsiveness)
18
Q

describe the multiple attachments stage (4) of attachment?

A
  • 1+ year!!!
  • show attachments with others (secondary attachments)
  • most show secondary one month after primary
19
Q

LESSON 7-

A
20
Q

what study is used for the types of attachment?

A

Ainsworth Strange Situation

21
Q

whats the aim of Aimsworths strange situation?

A

observe key attachment behaviour to assess the quality of a child’s attachment type

22
Q

summary of the procedure for Ainsworths strange situation?

A

• controlled observation
• takes place in a room with controlled conditions
• two way mirror for psychologists to observe behaviour
• 12-18 month old babies, all white middle class american!!!

23
Q

what are the five behaviours that Ainsworth is looking at the infants response with/to?

A

• proximity seeking
• secure base behaviour
• stranger anxiety
• separation anxiety
• response to reunion

24
Q

how many episodes are there in ainsworths strange situation?

A

8

25
Q

what is episode 1 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent and infant play as normal

26
Q

what is episode 2
of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent sits, infant plays
- use of parent as secure base

27
Q

what is episode 3 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

stranger enters and talks to parent
- test stranger anxiety

28
Q

what is episode 4 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent leaves, infant plays and stranger offers comfort if needed
- separation anxiety

29
Q

what is episode 5 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent returns, greets infant + comforts them, stranger leaves
- reunion behaviour

30
Q

what is episode 6 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent leaves, infant is alone
- test separation anxiety

31
Q

what is episode 7 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

stranger enters and offers comfort
- stranger anxiety

32
Q

what is episode 8 of ainsworth strange situation?

A

parent returns and greets infant and offers comfort, stranger is gone
- reunion behaviour

33
Q

from the original USA study in 1969, what were the percentages that Ainsworth found for each type of attachment?

A
  • secure 66%
  • insecure avoidant 22%
  • insecure resistant 12%
34
Q

what are the behaviours shown for secure attachment?

A
  • seek proximity with mother present and show secure base behaviour
  • moderate seperation and stranger anxiety
  • accepts comfort on reunion stage enthusiastically
35
Q

what are the behaviours shown for insecure avoidant attachment?

A
  • mother is present, plays freely but not not seek proximity or show secure base behaviour
  • low sep anxiety or stranger anxiety
  • no comfort needed, avoids it at reunion stage
36
Q

what are the behaviours shown for insecure resistant attachment?

A
  • clingy and seeks high proximity with mother present (no secure base b)
  • HIGH sep and stranger anxiety
  • seek but resists comfort on reunion !!!

Psychology (8 decks)

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