Attachment Flashcards
Define attachment
A deep and lasting two-way (reciprocal) bond between individuals. Both people seek closeness and feel more secure when close
Define reciprocity
Mutual turn-taking form of interacting responding to other signals & cues
Define interactional synchrony
Simultaneous interaction matching co-ordinated behaviour and matching emotional stress
Define imitation
Infant directly copies caregivers’ expressions
Define sensitive responsiveness
Caregiver correctly interprets the meaning of the infant’s communication and is motivated to respond accurately
Define child-directed speech
Caregiver talks in a “sing-song” manner to keep child’s attention
Define body contact
Physical contact, especially on skin to skin is necessary for bonding
Outline Meltzoff & Moores evaluation of reciprocity
Infants 2 to 3 weeks old would respond to adult models
1. Infant given dummy to prevent imitation
2. Adult model displayed 1/3 facial expressions
3. Dummy removed and child’s expression taped
Found there was an association between infants behaviour and adult model
Outline Condon & Sanders evaluation of interaction synchrony
Filmed mothers talking to babies, then analysed the film frame by frame and found small changes in babies movements that correspond with elements of mothers speech
Define stage 1 of attachment
Asocial
0-6 weeks old
Innate behaviours (smiling/crying) anyone can comfort them. No preference to any caregiver
Define stage 2 of attachment
Indiscriminate attachment
6 weeks - 7 months old
Can tell the difference between humans & objects. Doesn’t show stranger/separation anxiety.
Define stage 3 of attachment
Specific attachment
7-9 months old
Strong attachment to primary caregiver, separation/stranger anxiety develop
Define stage 4 of attachment
Multiple attachments
9/10 months+
Start to form other attachments with other regular caregivers. Stranger anxiety decreases
