Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Flashcards
What is an atom?
A small molecule that makes up everything
What is an element?
More than one of the same atoms together
What is a compound?
Atoms and elements which have chemically bonded together
What is a mixture?
Atoms and elements that haven’t chemically bonded
Give an example of an atom
2 atoms in Helium etc
Give an example of an element?
Nitrogen, oxygen
Give an example of a compound?
Methane, water, sodium chloride
Give an example of a mixture
Air
What is combustion?
A quick reaction which combines something with oxygen
Give an example of combustion
Methane + oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + water
What is incomplete combustion?
When combustion takes place and there is not enough oxygen to complete the reaction, so carbon and carbon monoxide are released
Name 4 types of common fuels
Methane, Diesel, Butane, Oil
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction whereby heat is taken IN
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction whereby heat is given OFF
What is the Law of the Conservation of Matter?
Matter can be neither created nor destroyed
What is valency?
The number of hydrogen atoms an element can combine or displace with
What is the process for when a solid turns to a liquid?
Melting
What is the process for when a liquid turns to a gas?
Evaporation
What is the process for when a gas turns to a liquid?
Condensation
What is the process for when a liquid turns into a solid?
Freezing
What is the process for when a gas turns to a solid or vice versa?
Sublimation
What is diffusion?
The random movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
What is the mass of one proton and one neutron?
1 amu (atomic mass unit) each
What is the mass of one electron?
1/2000 of an AMU
How many electrons are there on the inner shell?
2
What is the pattern for electrons on the outer shell?
[2, 8. 8, 8,]
