Air and Water Flashcards
What percent of the human body is water?
Approx. 60%
What is aeration?
When water is stirred with oxygen
What does aeration remove and what is precipitated out?
Iron (III) ions, which precipitates out as Iron (III) hydroxide
Why is chlorine added in water purification?
To kill and remove bacteria
What does aluminium sulphate in sedimentation remove?
Clay
What does sulphur dioxide in disinfection remove?
Excess chlorine
What does carbon slurry in filtration remove?
Bad taste or smell
Describe the cycle of water purification
Water is taken from a reservoir and filtered into the sedimentation tank. Clay is removed. Then filtration will remove the bad taste and smell. The water is passed to the clean water tank before going to the storage reservoir and then to the mains supply.
What are detergents?
Substances that help clean water
Are the tests for water reversible or irreversible actions?
Reversible
What does White Anhydrous Copper (II) Sulphate turn to and is this an exo or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic, will change to Blue Hydrated Copper (II) Sulphate
What does Blue Anhydrous Cobalt (II) Chloride turn to and is this an exo or endothermic reaction?
Exothermic, will change to Red Hydrated Cobalt (II) Chloride
What percent of the air is nitrogen?
78%
What percent of the air is oxygen?
21%
What is 1% of our air made up of?
Mainly argon, but also pollutants like Helium, Neon and Carbon Dioxide
What is ozone and it’s effects?
Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile compounds mix in the sunlight. Causes respiratory issues, sore throats and smog.
What are the effects of carbon monoxide and where is it from?
Released when fossil fuels burn. Can cause headaches and make people feel dizzy
What is nitrogen dioxide it’s effects?
Comes from power plants and cars, leads to respiratory issues and contributes to acid Rain
Where does carbon dioxide come from and what are it’s effects?
Comes from burning fossil fuels, leads to global warming
How many bonds does nitrogen make?
3, so it is very stable
How do you test for ammonium salts~?
You add sodium hydroxide solution to the salt and if ammonia ions are present ammonia gas is given off
What is rusting?
The erosion of iron when in the presence of oxygen and water
Name 2 ways of preventing rusting
Galvanising and greasing
What is galvanisation?
When iron is coated in a thin layer of zinc - sacrificial protection
