Atomic Structure - TN

Question 1

Where to find the atomic mass number and what does it tell you

Answer 1

The larger number at the top and it is the number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

Where to find the atomic number and what does it tell you

Answer 2

The smaller number at the bottom and it is the number of protons (or electrons as they are always equal)

Question 3

How to find the number of neutrons

Answer 3

Atomic mass number - atomic number

Question 4

Relative mass of each subatomic particle

Answer 4

Protons = 1
Neutrons = 1
Electrons = almost 0

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element with the same amount of protons and a different number of neutrons

Question 6

Most common type of carbon and two most abundant isotopes of it

Answer 6

Carbon - 12
isotopes = Carbon - 13 and carbon - 14

Question 7

What properties do isotopes share

Answer 7

They have the same chemical properties (because no. electrons determines this) but different physical properties

Question 8

What is the most abundant element

Answer 8

Carbon - 12

Question 9

What is Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 9

The average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th of a carbon - 12 atom(1/12th of a carbon-12 atom = 1 atomic mass unit

Question 10

How to calculate Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 10

• look at the percentage abundances and masses for isotopes in the question
• multiply the percentage abundance by the mass for each isotope then add them together
• divide the answer by 100

Question 11

Calculate the RAM for chlorine for its two isotopes: Cl-35 = 75% and Cl-37 = 25%

Answer 11

35 x 75
37 x 25
2625 + 925 = 3550
3550 / 100 = 35.5

Question 12

Ion

Answer 12

a charged particle

Question 13

What is a positive ion called

Answer 13

Cation

Question 14

What is a negative ion called

Answer 14

Anion

Question 15

How to draw the formation of an ion

Answer 15

First draw the atom as it begins with crosses showing the particles
Draw the new ion with spots showing the gained electrons
Put it in large brackets and show the new charge on the outside
State the number of electrons in each shell Eg. [2,8,8]

Question 16

Write the ionic half equation for Phosphorus given that it is in group 5

Answer 16

P + 3e- -> P3-

Question 17

Write the ionic half equation for Sodium given that it is in group 1

Answer 17

Na -> Na+ + e-

Question 18

What do you have to remember when writing the Ionic half equation

Answer 18

you always add the electrons

Question 19

What is oxidation

Answer 19

loss of electrons

Question 20

what is reduction

Answer 20

gain of electrons

Question 21

how are ions formed

Answer 21

when it gains or loses electrons so that it has a full outer shell

Question 22

What is meant by the word isoelectronic

Answer 22

equal electric or equal charge. it refers to two atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same amount of valence electrons. (electrons in the outer shell)

Question 23

What charge do all elements have

Answer 23

Neutral as the number of protons equals number of electrons