Acids Flashcards
General Equation: Acid + Alkali ->
Metal Salt + Water
Metal + cold water general equation
metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
what is the density of water
1g/cm3
Characteristics of an alkali metal
Soft Low density (floats on water) Low melting/boiling points (melts into a ball in cold water
Why are the electrons in giant metallic structures delocalised
Because they release the electrons to form stable ions but as there is no atom ready to accept them, they remain close in a region between the ions
Metal + steam general equation
metal oxide + hydrogen
What is thermal decomposition
when heat energy is used to break down a substance
Difference between sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite
(sodium) nitrate : NaNO3
(sodium) nitrite : NaNO2
Name two elements that do not need extraction (native)
Silver and gold
Sentence to remember the reactivity series
Please stop calling my Australian zebra in language class, she grunts
Sentence to remember the reactivity series
Please stop laugh calling my Australian zebra in language class, she grunts
What is reduction (two ways)
Gain of electrons
or
removal of oxygen
What is oxidation (two ways)
loss of electrons
or
gain of oxygen
What is the oxidising agent
the substance that provides oxygen
what is the reducing agent
the substance the takes the oxygen
What is the Thermite Reaction
Iron (111) Oxide + aluminium -> aluminium oxide + iron
What is a redox reaction
the simultaneous reduction and oxidation of species in a reaction
what is rust
the corrosion of iron
Methods of preventing rust
sacrificial protection (coat in zinc) chromium plating coat in oil/grease or paint or plastic
Chemical equation for rust
iron + oxygen + water -> hydrated (lll) oxide
What is an alloy
compound consisting of a metal with at least one other element
What is an acid
H+ ion donator/proton donor
What is an Alkali
OH- ion donator and H+ ion acceptor
Common bases
- All metal oxides
- All metal hydroxides
- Ammonia
What pH do metals and non-metals become when combined with oxygen and dissolved in water
Metals - Alkaline
Non-metals - Acidic
What pH do all salts have
neutral
Sulphuric Acid Molecular Formula and Charge
H2SO4 2-
Why do silver and gold not react with acids?
Because they are less reactive than Hydrogen so they can’t displace it
What is the difference between alkalis and bases?
alkali are soluble bases
What is a base
Proton acceptors but not sources of OH- ions
Hydrochloric Acid Molecular Formula and Charge
HCl -
Nitric Acid Molecular Formula and Charge
HNO3 -
Phosphoric Acid Molecular Formula and Charge
H3PO4 3-
Carbonic Acid Molecular Formula and Charge
H2CO3 2-
Difference between Nitrate and Nitrite
Nitrate = NO3 Nitrite = NO2
What colour compounds does Magnesium make
Colourless
