Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is the first quantum number?
n
Ex. 1 2 3
What is the second quantum number?
How do you determine its numbers?
l
Goes from 0 to n-1
Ex. n=2 (0,1) n=4 (0,1,2,3)
What does the first quantum number (n) mean?
The number of possible orbitals
What is the fourth quantum number? How do you determine it’s numbers?
Ms
Has either +1/2 or -1/2
What does the second quantum number (l) mean?
The shape of the orbital.
What shape is the orbital if l=0?
What letter?
Sphere
S
What shape is the orbital if l=1?
Dumbbell
P
What shape is the orbital if l=2?
Clover leaf
D
What does the third quantum number (Ml) mean?
The direction of orbitals around the nucleus in 3D space
What does the fourth quantum number (Ms) mean?
The direction the electron is spinning
What does Pauli’s exclusion principle state?
No two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers.
What does hund’s rule state?
The most stable arrangement of electrons has the most parallel spins.
What is the aufbau principle?
Electrons build up in an energy level, spinning upwards first.
What makes a substance paramagnetic?
What does it do concerning magnets?
More than one (net) unpaired electron spins
Attracted by magnets
What makes a substance diamagnetic?
What does it do concerning magnets?
Paired electron spins. (One or less unpaired)
Repelled by magnets
