Atomic Structure Flashcards
Defined the term atom
The smallest particle of an element that can exist by itself and still have the same chemical properties as the element
What are the three subatomic particles
Protons neutrons electrons
Properties of a proton
Important has a relative charge of +1 and and a relative mass of 1 And its symbol is Z
Properties of an electron
An electron has a relative charge of -1 and a relative mass of 1/1840
Properties of a neutron
A neutron has the charge of 0, a relative mass of 1 and its symbol is Z
Defined the term atomic number
The number of protons present in the nucleus of one atom of one element
Define mass number(or nucleon number)
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom of an element
^A X >z
A- mass number
X-atomic symbol
Z-atomic number
What is an isotope
Isotopes different atoms of a single element that have the same number of protons in the nucleus but different number of neutrons. Therefore they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Define isotopy
Isotope he is the occurrence of atoms of a single element that have the same number of protons in the nuclear but different number of neutrons
What are the two common isotopes
Carbon 12 13 and 14 which has three isotopes and chlorine 35 and 37 which has two isotopes
Define radioactive isotopes
An isotope who is nuclei is unstable and spontaneously undergoes radioactive decay.[During the decay eject small particles and radiation. They eject these particles to become more stable]
Use of radioactive isotopes
- Carbon-14 dating
2.iodine-131 used to treat thyroid cancer and cobalt-60 radiation kills cancerous cells in tumors - Uranium-235 used to generate energy in electric plants
- Iodine131 used to check functionality of thyroid glands and carbon 14 used to study carbon up take and photosynthesis in plants
- Plutonium-238 used to power pacemakers
