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A&P 1 > Atlas > Flashcards

Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical position?

A
  • arms at side with palms facing forward (pinky is medial to thumb)
  • eyes, face, and feet facing forward
  • Everything occupies its own space
  • person can be in the standing, supinated (on spine), or pronated position
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2
Q

What do we use anatomical position for?

A

We use it as a Standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions & dissection, so When we describe something in anatomy it in reference to the anatomical position.

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3
Q

Describe the forearm when it is supinated:

A
  • palms face forward or upward
  • radius & ulna are parallel
  • Supine - “on your spine” (hold a soup)
  • pinky is medial (ulna, ugly)
  • correct anatomical position
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4
Q

Describe the forearm when it is pronated:

A
  • palms face rearward or downward
  • radius & ulna are crossed (X (crossed) like NOT in Anatomical position)
  • Palm is down (PronateD)
  • incorrect anatomical position, thumb is medial
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5
Q

In anatomy, what is a section?

A
  • implies actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
  • In anatomy, a section refers to a slice or cut made through the body or an organ to study its internal structures. Sections are typically made along specific planes (such as the sagittal, coronal, or transverse planes) to reveal the arrangement and relationship of tissues and organs.
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6
Q

In anatomy, what is a plane?

A

implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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7
Q

In anatomy, describe the sagittal plane and all its sub plane descriptions:

A
  • divides body into right and left regions
  • Median (midsagittal) plane: divides body or organ into equal halves, right down the center of the body [ONLY PLANE WITH A MID OPTION, only plane that can be divided into equal parts]
  • Parasagittal plane: any Sagittal plane outside the midsagittal plane
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8
Q

I’m anatomy, describe the frontal plane and all it’s sub plane descriptions:

A
  • Also called the coronal PLANE
  • divides body into anterior (front) & posterior (back) portions
  • there cannot be a mid frontal plane
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9
Q

In anatomy, describe the transverse plane and all it’s sub plane descriptions:

A
  • Also called horizontal plane
  • divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) portions (think transverse, like a +)
  • there cannot be a mid transverse plane
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10
Q

T or F: There CAN be a mid frontal and mid transverse plane

A

FALSE: There cannot be a mid frontal (coronal) or mid transverse (horizontal) plane because they cannot be divided into equal parts, only mid sagittal plane.

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11
Q

How many abdominal quadrant are there?

A

Four quadrants

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12
Q

How many abdominal regions are there?

A

Nine regions

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13
Q

The directional term ventral indicates:

A

Front (or anterior)

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14
Q

The directional term dorsal indicates:

A

Back (dorsal fin of a shark, or posterior)

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15
Q

The directional term anterior indicates:

A

Front (or ventral)

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16
Q

The directional term posterior indicates:

A

Back (or dorsal)

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17
Q

The directional term superior indicates:

A

Above

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18
Q

The directional term inferior indicates:

A

Below

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19
Q

The directional term proximal indicates (give an example)

A

Closer to the center of the body (The elbow is proximal to the wrist)

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20
Q

The directional term distal indicates (give an example)

A

Further from the center of the body (the ankle is distal to the knee)

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21
Q

What is the definition of the suffix -al

A

Pertaining to

22
Q

The directional term medial indicates:

A

Closer to the midline of the body

23
Q

The directional term lateral indicates:

A

Further from the midline of the body

24
Q

The directional term superficial indicates:

A

Closer to the surface of the body (skin)

25
Q

The directional term deep indicates:

A

Further from the surface of the body (closer to organs or bones)

26
Q

The directional term cephalic indicates:

A
  • Relating to the head, front of head
  • but specifically the top of the head (think “cephalic” like “cerebral” for brain)
  • superior
27
Q

The directional term rostral indicates:

A
  • toward the front of the head
  • closer to the oral or nasal region
  • anterior region
28
Q

The directional term caudal indicates:

A
  • Pertaining to the tail or the lower part of the body (away from the head)
  • inferior
29
Q

What are intermediate directions? (give an example)

A

A combinations of directional terms (ex. dorsolateral)

30
Q

Compare the anterior anatomical description of a human versus a dog:

A
  • anterior = ventral surface of human – front of chest & abdomen
  • anterior (cephalic) in a four-legged animal is the head end
31
Q

Compare the posterior anatomical description of a human versus a dog:

A
  • posterior = dorsal surface of human – last in locomotion – back side
  • posterior (caudal) in a four-legged animal is tail end
32
Q

In human anatomy, the word dorsal can be used interchangeably with the word:

A

Posterior

33
Q

In human anatomy, the word ventral can be used interchangeably with the word:

A

Anterior

34
Q

In human anatomy, the word cephalic can be used interchangeably with the word:

A

Superior

35
Q

In human anatomy, the word caudal can be used interchangeably with the word:

A

Inferior

36
Q

The human body has two regions, the axial region and the appendicular region, the axial region is composed of:

A
  • head, neck, & trunk (axis of the earth)
  • thoracic region = trunk above diaphragm
  • abdominal region = trunk below diaphragm (divided into quadrants
    divided into nine regions by tic-tac-toe grid)
  • The diaphragm separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavity, it is our main muscle of breathing
37
Q

The human body has two regions, the axial region and the appendicular region, the appendicular region is composed of:

A
  • upper & lower limbs
  • upper limb: arm (brachial region), forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual region)
    fingers (digits)
  • Lower limb: thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region), foot (pedal region), toes (digits)
38
Q

Name all the regions found in the axial region, ventral side of the body:

A
  • Head - Cephalic
  • Face - Facial
  • Neck - Cervical
  • Chest - Thoracic
  • Sternum - Sternal
  • Pecs - Pectoral
  • Belly button - Umbilical
  • Abdominal - Stomach and intestine area
  • Inguinal - Inguinal Ligament, groin
  • Pubic:

(Female) - Mons Pubis
(Male) - External genitalia, [PST] Penis, Scrotum, Testes

39
Q

Name all the regions found in the
appendicular region, ventral side of the body:

A

Upper Limb:
- Shoulder - Acromial
- Armpit - Axillary
- Arm - Brachial
- Elbow - Cubital, antecubital fossa
- Forearm - Antebrachial
- Wrist - Carpal
- Hand - Manual region
- Palm - Palmar
- Fingers - Digits

Lower Limb
- Hip - Coxal
- Thigh - Femoral
- Knee - Patellar
- Leg - Crural
- Ankle - Tarsal
- Foot - Pedal
- Dorsum of foot:

Sole - Plantar Surface
Toes - Digits

40
Q

Name all the regions found in the
appendicular region, dorsal side of the body:

A
  • Dorsum of hand - Back of Hand
  • Femoral - Back of thigh
  • Popliteal - Back of knee
  • Crural - Calf
  • Tarsal - Ankle
  • Calcaneal - Heel
41
Q

Name all the regions found in the
axial region, dorsal side of the body:

A
  • Cranial - Back of head
  • Nuchal - Back of neck
  • Interscapular - Between Shoulder blades
  • Scapular - Shoulder blades
  • Vertebral - Above lumbar
  • Lumbar - L1-L5, lower back
  • Sacral - S1-S5, below lumbar, above coccyx
  • Gluteal - Buttocks
  • Perineal region - The area of the body between the anus and the vulva in females, and between the anus and the scrotum in males.
42
Q

What does the Cranial Cavity contain?

A
  • contains brain
  • lined with meninges
43
Q

What does the Vertebral Cavity contain?

A
  • contains the spinal cord
  • lined with meninges
44
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System

A

Protection, Support, and Movement

45
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Nervous System, Endocrine System

A

Internal Communications & Integration

46
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Circulatory System, Lymphatic System

A

Fluid transport

47
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Immune (Lymphatic System)

A

Defense

48
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Respiratory System, Urinary System, Digestive System

A

Input and Output

49
Q

What is the purpose of these organ systems? Reproductive system

A

Reproduction

50
Q

How many organs systems are there in the human body?

A

11

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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