Atlas Flashcards
What is anatomical position?
- arms at side with palms facing forward (pinky is medial to thumb)
- eyes, face, and feet facing forward
- Everything occupies its own space
- person can be in the standing, supinated (on spine), or pronated position
What do we use anatomical position for?
We use it as a Standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions & dissection, so When we describe something in anatomy it in reference to the anatomical position.
Describe the forearm when it is supinated:
- palms face forward or upward
- radius & ulna are parallel
- Supine - “on your spine” (hold a soup)
- pinky is medial (ulna, ugly)
- correct anatomical position
Describe the forearm when it is pronated:
- palms face rearward or downward
- radius & ulna are crossed (X (crossed) like NOT in Anatomical position)
- Palm is down (PronateD)
- incorrect anatomical position, thumb is medial
In anatomy, what is a section?
- implies actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
- In anatomy, a section refers to a slice or cut made through the body or an organ to study its internal structures. Sections are typically made along specific planes (such as the sagittal, coronal, or transverse planes) to reveal the arrangement and relationship of tissues and organs.
In anatomy, what is a plane?
implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body
In anatomy, describe the sagittal plane and all its sub plane descriptions:
- divides body into right and left regions
- Median (midsagittal) plane: divides body or organ into equal halves, right down the center of the body [ONLY PLANE WITH A MID OPTION, only plane that can be divided into equal parts]
- Parasagittal plane: any Sagittal plane outside the midsagittal plane
I’m anatomy, describe the frontal plane and all it’s sub plane descriptions:
- Also called the coronal PLANE
- divides body into anterior (front) & posterior (back) portions
- there cannot be a mid frontal plane
In anatomy, describe the transverse plane and all it’s sub plane descriptions:
- Also called horizontal plane
- divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) portions (think transverse, like a +)
- there cannot be a mid transverse plane
T or F: There CAN be a mid frontal and mid transverse plane
FALSE: There cannot be a mid frontal (coronal) or mid transverse (horizontal) plane because they cannot be divided into equal parts, only mid sagittal plane.
How many abdominal quadrant are there?
Four quadrants
How many abdominal regions are there?
Nine regions
The directional term ventral indicates:
Front (or anterior)
The directional term dorsal indicates:
Back (dorsal fin of a shark, or posterior)
The directional term anterior indicates:
Front (or ventral)
The directional term posterior indicates:
Back (or dorsal)
The directional term superior indicates:
Above
The directional term inferior indicates:
Below
The directional term proximal indicates (give an example)
Closer to the center of the body (The elbow is proximal to the wrist)
The directional term distal indicates (give an example)
Further from the center of the body (the ankle is distal to the knee)
What is the definition of the suffix -al
Pertaining to
The directional term medial indicates:
Closer to the midline of the body
The directional term lateral indicates:
Further from the midline of the body
The directional term superficial indicates:
Closer to the surface of the body (skin)
The directional term deep indicates:
Further from the surface of the body (closer to organs or bones)
The directional term cephalic indicates:
- Relating to the head, front of head
- but specifically the top of the head (think “cephalic” like “cerebral” for brain)
- superior
The directional term rostral indicates:
- toward the front of the head
- closer to the oral or nasal region
- anterior region
The directional term caudal indicates:
- Pertaining to the tail or the lower part of the body (away from the head)
- inferior
What are intermediate directions? (give an example)
A combinations of directional terms (ex. dorsolateral)
Compare the anterior anatomical description of a human versus a dog:
- anterior = ventral surface of human – front of chest & abdomen
- anterior (cephalic) in a four-legged animal is the head end
Compare the posterior anatomical description of a human versus a dog:
- posterior = dorsal surface of human – last in locomotion – back side
- posterior (caudal) in a four-legged animal is tail end
In human anatomy, the word dorsal can be used interchangeably with the word:
Posterior
In human anatomy, the word ventral can be used interchangeably with the word:
Anterior
In human anatomy, the word cephalic can be used interchangeably with the word:
Superior
In human anatomy, the word caudal can be used interchangeably with the word:
Inferior
The human body has two regions, the axial region and the appendicular region, the axial region is composed of:
- head, neck, & trunk (axis of the earth)
- thoracic region = trunk above diaphragm
- abdominal region = trunk below diaphragm (divided into quadrants
divided into nine regions by tic-tac-toe grid) - The diaphragm separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavity, it is our main muscle of breathing
The human body has two regions, the axial region and the appendicular region, the appendicular region is composed of:
- upper & lower limbs
- upper limb: arm (brachial region), forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual region)
fingers (digits) - Lower limb: thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region), foot (pedal region), toes (digits)
Name all the regions found in the axial region, ventral side of the body:
- Head - Cephalic
- Face - Facial
- Neck - Cervical
- Chest - Thoracic
- Sternum - Sternal
- Pecs - Pectoral
- Belly button - Umbilical
- Abdominal - Stomach and intestine area
- Inguinal - Inguinal Ligament, groin
- Pubic:
(Female) - Mons Pubis
(Male) - External genitalia, [PST] Penis, Scrotum, Testes
Name all the regions found in the
appendicular region, ventral side of the body:
Upper Limb:
- Shoulder - Acromial
- Armpit - Axillary
- Arm - Brachial
- Elbow - Cubital, antecubital fossa
- Forearm - Antebrachial
- Wrist - Carpal
- Hand - Manual region
- Palm - Palmar
- Fingers - Digits
Lower Limb
- Hip - Coxal
- Thigh - Femoral
- Knee - Patellar
- Leg - Crural
- Ankle - Tarsal
- Foot - Pedal
- Dorsum of foot:
Sole - Plantar Surface
Toes - Digits
Name all the regions found in the
appendicular region, dorsal side of the body:
- Dorsum of hand - Back of Hand
- Femoral - Back of thigh
- Popliteal - Back of knee
- Crural - Calf
- Tarsal - Ankle
- Calcaneal - Heel
Name all the regions found in the
axial region, dorsal side of the body:
- Cranial - Back of head
- Nuchal - Back of neck
- Interscapular - Between Shoulder blades
- Scapular - Shoulder blades
- Vertebral - Above lumbar
- Lumbar - L1-L5, lower back
- Sacral - S1-S5, below lumbar, above coccyx
- Gluteal - Buttocks
- Perineal region - The area of the body between the anus and the vulva in females, and between the anus and the scrotum in males.
What does the Cranial Cavity contain?
- contains brain
- lined with meninges
What does the Vertebral Cavity contain?
- contains the spinal cord
- lined with meninges
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System
Protection, Support, and Movement
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Nervous System, Endocrine System
Internal Communications & Integration
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Circulatory System, Lymphatic System
Fluid transport
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Immune (Lymphatic System)
Defense
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Respiratory System, Urinary System, Digestive System
Input and Output
What is the purpose of these organ systems? Reproductive system
Reproduction
How many organs systems are there in the human body?
11
