Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis

A

Endothelium damaged by sheer stress

Monocytes adhere and penetrate to damage => macrophages

  • absorb oxLDL => foam cells => die and form lesion core
  • cytokine release => aggregation of more macrophages, SM proliferation

SM forms fibrous cap

Plaque rupture => thrombosis, coronary artery block

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2
Q

Risk factors for CVD

A

Age, male, ethnicity, FHx

HTN (systolic and diastolic)
High LDL, LDL:HDL ratio
DM
Smoking
LVH
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3
Q

Dyslipidemia - high LDL and TAGs, low HDL

A

Statins

Ezetimibe

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4
Q

HTN - most significant risk factor

A

Damages endothelium of conduit artery => atherosclerosis (aorta, coronary, carotid, renal

Increases afterload => LVH, ischemia

Brain and kidney need high flow, low resistance => more prone to damage from increased pulsatility from high BP
-renal failure, strokes

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5
Q

Smoking

A

Endothelial dysfunction and damage => inflammation
Increased plaque vulnerability
Increased thrombosis, decreases fibrinolysis

Increases SNS => HTN
Increased T2DM

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6
Q

T2DM and cardiometabolic disease

A

Increased oxidative stress, endothelial adhesion molceule expression
Increased inflammation

CMD

  • high glucose
  • HTN
  • dyslipidemia
  • central obesity
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7
Q

Obesity

A

Increased risk of being metabolically unhealthy

Increases SNS, glucose, cholesterol

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8
Q

How does exercise reduce CV risk

A

Weight loss => reduce obesity related risk factors
Increases HDL, lowers TAGs
Increases NO
Reduces oxidative stress

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