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Exam V > AT/FP > Flashcards

AT/FP Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of terrorism?

A

The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

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2
Q

What 4 major events in post WW II fueled present-day terrorism?

A
  1. The success of the communist insurgent movements in China, Cuba, Rhodesia, Angola, and Nicaragua.
  2. The disastrous consequences, from the Pan-Arab point of view, of the Zionist movement and the resulting Arab-Israeli wars. 3. The civil unrest that was so pervasive during the 1960s and 1970s attracted many young people to radical causes.
  3. The rise of ethnic nationalism following the fall of the Soviet Union spawned a multitude of terrorist acts and movements.
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3
Q

What recent development is considered the terrorist’s most powerful tool?

A

Modern electronic media.

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4
Q

Who do terrorist deliberately target?

A

Innocent noncombatants.

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5
Q

Who do freedom fighters target?

A

Military targets.

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6
Q

Define ideology?

A

A collection of beliefs or values characteristic of an individual, group, or culture.

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7
Q

What are the 4 different ideologies?

A
  1. Political
  2. Nationalist-Separatist
  3. Religious
  4. Special Interests
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8
Q

Define political ideology?

A

Beliefs of terrorists ranging from far left to far right.

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9
Q

What are the 4 political ideologies?

A
  1. Marxist-Leninst: urban workers led by a small group of revolutionary elite.
  2. Maoist: seek to format revolution from rural areas by rallying peasants.
  3. Fascist: join all aspects of society under one supreme leader who makes all decisions.
  4. Dictatorships: believe in merging state & business leadership.
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10
Q

Define Nationalist-Separatist?

A

Devoted to interests or culture of a group of people or a nation. Share a common ethnic background & wish to regain homeland.

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11
Q

Define Religious?

A

Often view modernization efforts as corrupting influences on their society or traditional religious culture.

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12
Q

Define Special Interest?

A

Other groups such as environmentalists, anti-abortionsists, & anti-vivisectionists.

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic categories into which most terrorist organizations fall?

A
  1. State directed
  2. State supported
  3. Non-state supported
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14
Q

Define state supported?

A

Activities are conducted primarily at the direction of a controlling state. May even be an element of the state’s security organization. Often represent the “establishment” in their long-range objectives.

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15
Q

Define state supported?

A

Receives substantial outside support, but its actions are autonomous. Support may be conditional on certain political objectives, though the group has discretion on how these objectives will be achieved. Most terrorist organizations today are state supported.

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16
Q

Define non-state supported?

A

Receives no external support and is the most dangerous type of terrorist organization. The group must justify its actions only to itself; it has no obligation to adhere to any standards of conduct.

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17
Q

What 3 broad categories will long-range goals of terrorism generally fall into?

A
  1. Revolutionary
  2. Sub-revolutionary
  3. Establishment
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18
Q

Define revolutionary?

A

Used to force the complete overthrow of an existing gov’t.

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19
Q

Define sub-revolutionary?

A

Used to influence the gov’t against its will. Most nationalist terrorists are this type. Changes sought are usually political, social, or economical.

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20
Q

Define establishment?

A

A regime directs terrorism against its enemies with its borders or abroad IOT protect the state from dissenting influence.

21
Q

What are some typical immediate goals that will support terrorist’s long-range objectives?

A
  1. Obtain worldwide or local recognition for their cause
  2. Cause an overreaction by the government
  3. Harass, weaken, or embarrass government security forces
  4. Obtain money and/or equipment
  5. Destroy facilities and disrupt lines of communication
  6. Discourage foreign investment and assistance programs
  7. Influence government decisions
  8. Free prisoners
  9. Satisfy vengeance
  10. Turn the tide in a guerrilla war
22
Q

What are 3 types of cells found in well-organized terrorist groups?

A
  1. Operational cells
  2. Intelligence cells
  3. Auxiliary cells
23
Q

Define operational cells?

A

The action arm of the group; it conducts the operational activities for the organization.

24
Q

Define intelligence cells?

A

Most highly trained & valuable of the group’s cells; performs recon & surveillance.

25
Q

Define auxiliary cells?

A

Provides logistical support for the group; normally larger than other cells & may consists entirely of terrorist sympathizers.

26
Q

What are some common terrorists operations?

A
  1. Dynamic
  2. Relatively Simple
  3. Usually hit & run
  4. Designed for their impact
27
Q

Define dynamic?

A

Considered dynamic because of the instant, intense interaction w/large populations that modern electronic media provides.

28
Q

Define relatively simple?

A

Simple because they are relatively easy to command, control, and support.

29
Q

Define usually hit & run?

A

The terrorist will use his smaller size and mobility to an advantage over larger, often cumbersome government forces.

30
Q

Define designed for their impact?

A

Terrorist operations are designed for maximum impact on the population; this impact goes beyond the immediate victims of the attack.

31
Q

What is the most important characteristic of a terrorist group’s operation?

A

That they target the weak & undefended.

32
Q

What are common terrorist acts?

A
  1. Bombings
  2. Kidnappings & Hostage-Takings
  3. Armed Attacks & Assassinations
  4. Arsons & Firebombing
  5. Hijackings & Skyjackings
  6. Other
33
Q

What are the most common type of terrorist act?

A

Bombings

34
Q

What is the purpose of bombings?

A

To gather headlines, create fear, & destroy personnel & property.

35
Q

What do terrorist use kidnappings & hostage takings for?

A

To establish a bargaining position & elicit publicity.

36
Q

Why would a terrorist use arson & firebombing against public/govt buildings?

A

To portray an image that the ruling govt is incapable of maintaining order.

37
Q

What is cyber terrorism?

A

A new, increasing form of terrorism that targets computer networks. Operations can be conducted with little or no risk.

38
Q

What are anti-terrorism measures?

A

Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of people/property to terrorist acts.

39
Q

What is counter-terrorism measures?

A

Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, & respond to terrorism.

40
Q

What is combating terrorism?

A

Actions including anti-terrorism & counter-terrorism taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum.

41
Q

What are the 7 areas for proactive planning against terrorism?

A
  1. Threat analysis
  2. Critical & vulnerability assessment
  3. Operations security
  4. Personnel security
  5. Physical security
  6. Awareness education & training
  7. Planning crisis management
42
Q

What is the final reactive area?

A

Performing crisis management counter-action operations.

43
Q

Effective counteraction of terrorism requires what?

A

Knowledge of terrorist goals & capabilities.

44
Q

What is OPSEC?

A

Process of identifying critical info & subsequently analyzing friendly actions attendant to military operations & other activities to identify those actions that adversary intel systems can observe.

45
Q

What is probably the least expensive, but most overlooked, aspect of security?

A

OPSEC

46
Q

What is the objective of OPSEC?

A

To deny the EN information.

47
Q

What are the most common sources of information?

A
  1. Signals intel
  2. Image intel
  3. Human intel
  4. Operational patterns
48
Q

What are the most common passive security measures?

A

Barriers; either natural or manmade.

Exam V (8 decks)

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