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earth and environmental > astronomy review > Flashcards

astronomy review Flashcards

1
Q

nutation

A

wobble of earth’s TILT

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2
Q

precession

A

wobble of earth’s AXIS

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3
Q

kepler’s first law

A

planets orbit in an ellipse

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4
Q

kepler’s second law

A

planets move fastest when they’re closer to the sun

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5
Q

kepler’s third law

A

as a planet gets farther away from the sun, it’s revolution increases

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6
Q

aphelion (APART)

A

when earth is further away from the sun

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7
Q

perihelion

A

when earth is closer to the sun

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8
Q

why do we only see one side of the moon?

A

because the lunar day and the lunar moon is the same amount of time

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9
Q

waxing

A

getting bigger

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10
Q

waning

A

getting smaller

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11
Q

what would happen if the earth wasn’t tilted on an axis?

A

more constant climate, no seasons

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12
Q

what would happen if earth didn’t rotate?

A

no day / night

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13
Q

barycenter

A

center of gravity, center of mass between two unalike objects

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14
Q

spring tides (SUPER)

A

-when the sun, moon, and earth are in alignment
-highest high tides, lowest low tides
-new moon, full moon

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15
Q

neap tides

A

-when the moon, earth, and sun are at a right angle
-most mild tides (both high and low)
-first and third quarter

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16
Q

where is the magnetic force strongest?

A

near the poles

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17
Q

what is the purpose of earth’s magnetic field?

A

to protect earth from the sun’s harmful radiation

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18
Q

what are auroras?

A

interactions between charged particles from the sun and earth’s magnetic field

19
Q

what is electromagnetic energy arranged according to?

A

wavelength

20
Q

radio waves

A

longest wave length, lowest frequency, radio stations

21
Q

microwaves

A

cell phones, microwave ovens

22
Q

infrared waves

A

heat waves given off by warm bodies / objects

23
Q

visible light

A

white light is a mix of light waves ith different wave lengths

24
Q

ultraviolet waves

A

energy from the sun, sunburns

25
Q

x-rays

A

can pass through human skin and tissue

26
Q

gamma rays

A

shortest wave length, highest frequency. very dangerous - produced by radioactive materials and nuclear reactions

27
Q

what are electromagnetic waves caused by?

A

fusion in the earth’s core

28
Q

what are the two most common elements?

A

hydrogen and helium

29
Q

what is fusion?

A

the combining of two nuclei to form another

30
Q

what are galaxies classified by?

A

their shape

31
Q

spiral galaxies

A

-large central bulge in the middle surrounded by stars and solar systems
-lots of dust and gas
-new stars form on the outer portion
-middle aged stars with new ones forming

32
Q

elliptical galaxies

A

-oldest
-ovular
-largest galaxies known
-no new stars forming

33
Q

irregular galaxies

A

-no specific shape
-can’t track the movement of stars in the type of galaxy because there is no certain shape

34
Q

steady state theory

A

the universe is the same as it’s always been and it will always be this way

35
Q

big band theory

A

the universe came to be when it exploded (scientists believe this theory more because they know that change is a constant in nature)

36
Q

what direction does earth rotate?

A

counter clockwise

37
Q

where does the moon rise?

A

moon rises in the EAST, sets in the WEST

38
Q

how do lines of LATITUDE run? what do they measure?

A

EAST TO WEST and measure NORTH TO SOUTH

39
Q

how do lines of LONGITUDE run? what do they measure?

A

NORTH TO SOUTH and measure EAST TO WEST

40
Q

longitude affects….

A

timezones

41
Q

latitude affects….

A

climates

42
Q

important lines of longitude

A

-equator
-tropic of cancer
-tropic of capricorn

43
Q

important lines of latitude

A

-prime meridian
-international date line

earth and environmental (9 decks)

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