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Applied Pharmacology > Asthma Drugs > Flashcards

Asthma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aim of Asthma treatment

A

Reduce inflammation, Prevent bronchoconstriction and restore airways.

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2
Q

Asthma Triggers

A

Exercise, Cold air, Respiratory infection, Atmospheric pollutants, Pollen, Dust mite and Animal dander.

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3
Q

How do Bronchodilators control Asthma?

A

Dilate bronchioles, increasing air flow to alveoli and relax smooth muscle cells around bronchiole walls.

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4
Q

How do B2 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists treat asthma?

A

Relax bronchiole smooth muscle, inhibit mediator release from mast cells, act on cilia to increase mucus clearance.

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5
Q

Examples of B2 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists…

A

Salbutamol/Terbutaline (last 4-6 hours)

Salmeterol (last 12 hours, dose inhaler)

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6
Q

Side effects of B2 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists…

A

Absorbed into systemic circulation, tremor and development of tolerance.

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7
Q

How does Theophylline treat asthma?

A

Xanthine inhibits PDE receptor.

Given with steroid.

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8
Q

Side effects of Theophylline…

A

CNS stimulant, tremor, sleep disturbance, stimulates heart, vasodilator GI tract, anorexia, N&V.

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9
Q

Mechanism of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists…

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle, inhibits elevated mucus, increases clearance of bronchial secretions and blocks endogenous ACH.

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10
Q

Examples of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists…

A

|patropium - lasts 3-5 hours, aerosol inhalation, poorly absorbed into systemic circulation.

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11
Q

Mechanism of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists…

A

Prevent exercise-induced asthma and aspirin-sensitive asthma. Act on cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors on bronchiole smooth muscle cells preventing action of LTC4 LTD4 which stimulate mucus secretions.

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12
Q

Side effects of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists…

A

GI disturbance and headaches.

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13
Q

Mechanism of Glucocorticoids…

A

Reduce production of cytokines/spasmogens/leucocyte chemotaxins to reduce bronchospasm and inflammatory cell active action.

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14
Q

Examples of Glucocorticoids…

A

Beclometasone, Diproprionate, Budesonide, Fluticasone, Propionate, Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone.

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15
Q

Side Effects of Glucocorticoids…

A

Oropharyngeal thrush, dysphonia, large doses cause adrenal suppression.

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16
Q

Mechanisms of Cromoglicate (Nedocromil Sodium)…

A

Reduce early/late phase responses and bronchial hyper-activity. Stabilise mast cells, reduce neuronal reflexes, inhibit release of T cell cytokines.

17
Q

Side effects of Cromoglicate…

A

Irritates upper respiratory tract and can cause hyper-sensitivity.
Most effective in children.

18
Q

Mechanism of Biological Agents…

A

Bind to Ige to inhibit it binding to mast cell receptor.

19
Q

Examples of Biological Agents…

A

Omalizumab and Xolair - submit injection lasting 2-3 weeks.

20
Q

Side Effects of Biological Agents…

A

Anaphylaxis - allergic reaction to protein and malignancies.

Applied Pharmacology (13 decks)

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