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Applied Pharmacology > Antiemetics > Flashcards

Antiemetics Flashcards

1
Q

Emesis…

A

Vomit reflex - controlled in brainstem on dorsal surface of medulla oblongata.
CINV = Chemotherapy induced N&V.
PONV = Post-op N&V.

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2
Q

Antiemetics targetting Histamine….

A

Cyclizine - motion sickness.
Cinnarizine - motion, vestibular disorders (Menieres and vertigo).
Promethazine - severe morning sickness.

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3
Q

Histamine target side effects…

A

Drowsiness & Sedation.

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4
Q

Examples of H3 Antagonists…

A

Betehistine Hydrochloride = Anti-vertigo: activates H receptors on inner ear bl vessels > vasodilation > permeability > reverses endolymphatic hydrous.

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5
Q

H3 Antagonist Side Effects…

A

GI disturbances, headaches, rashes, pruritus.

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6
Q

Antiemetics targetting Dopamine…

A

Phenothiazines - morning sickness, IV oral.
Prochloropromazine - tablet IM
Perphenazine - tablet
Trifluoperazine - tablet
Chlorpromazine - tablet IM
Metoclopramide - penetrates BBB, increase motility in GIT. Oral IV IM.
Domperidone - doesn’t penetrate BBB. migraine / cytotoxic thera`py. induces emesis as contraception. Oral IV.

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7
Q

Dopamine target side effects:

A

Sedation, hypotension, dystonia, dyskinesia, movement disorders, fatigue, motor restlessness, spasmodic torticollis, oculogyric crises, menstruation disorders, QT prolongation, fatigue.

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8
Q

Antiemetics targetting Serotonin 5HT3…

A

Ondansetron - CINV PONV. Oral IV IM > GI disturbances and headaches.

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9
Q

Antiemetics targetting Substance P and Neurokinin…

A

Aprepitant - CINV PONV oral IV.
Eosaprepitant.
Casopitant / Maropitant - motion sickness.

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10
Q

Side effects of P/NK antiemetics…

A

fatigue, listlessness, constipation/diarrhoea, loss appetite, hiccups, dizziness, ringing ears, dyspepsia, anorexia, asthenia, headaches.

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11
Q

Mechanism of Cannabinoids…

A

Antagonist of CB receptors, act via opioid receptors in CTZ.

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12
Q

Examples of Cannabinoids…

A

Marion / Dornabinol - Oral.

Nabilone / Cesamet - mimetic of cannabic HTC, chronic pain therapy.

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13
Q

Side effects of Cannabinoids…

A

drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, mood changes, postural hypotension, hallucinations and psychotic reactions.

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14
Q

Corticosteroids used as antiemetics…

A

Dexamethasone = CINV. used with Dopamine target or Serotonin targets.

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15
Q

Inducing emesis after overdose / alcohol intoxication…

A

Syrup of ipecac - alkaloid emetine/cepheline. oral working in 15 mins. irritate gastric mycosa to activate CTZ.
Apomorphine - stimulates CTZ/VC. IM/subcut act in 5-10 mins.
Activated charcoal - absorbent that binds toxins.

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Applied Pharmacology (13 decks)

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