Anxiolytics and Antidepressants Flashcards
Types of mood disorder…
Bipolar, depression, unipolar and manic-depressive illness.
Symptoms of mood disorders:
Depression: dysphoria, low mood, anhedonia, low energy, fatigue.
Mania: elation, talkativeness, creativity, full energy, confidence.
Mechanisms of MOAI…
Non-selective blockers of monoamine metabolism treating depression caused by serotonin/noradrenaline imbalance.
Examples of MOAI…
Phenelzineu/Nardil - depression bipolar
Tranylcypromine/Parnate - severe depression.
Side Effects of MOAI…
Hypertensive crisis, serotonin syndrome, inhibit P450, weight gain, oedema, sexual dysfunction, sedation, impair renal/hepatic function.
Mechanism of Tricyclic Drugs…
Non-selective reuptake of noradrenaline/serotonin increasing availability of transmitters to receptors.
Examples of Tricyclic Drugs…
Imipramine/Tofranil - depression
Amitriptyline/Elacil - depression
Dozen/Sinequan - depression anxiety
Side effects of Tricyclic Drugs…
weight gain, sexual dysfunction, inhibit P450, sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, constipation.
Examples of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors…
Fluoxetine/Prozan - depression OCD
Paroxetine/Paxil - depression panic
Sertraline/Zoloft - depression panic
Citalopram/Celexa - depression
Side effects of SSRIs…
sexual dysfunction, dependence, weight loss, serotonin syndrome, agitation, disorientation, ataxia, muscle spasms, exaggerated autonomic function, drug interaction BZD/cimetidine/warfarin.
Third Generation Antidepressants…
Bupropion.Wellbutri - aminoketone inhibits serotonin/noradren/dopamina reputare.
Examples of Mood Stabilisers…
Lithium carbonate/Eskalith lithoid - acute main prophylaxis
Lithium citrate/Cibalith - acute mania prophylaxis
Carbamazepine/Tegretol - main epilepsy
Valproate/Depaxcon - mania epilepsy
Side effects of Mood Stabilisers…
Drug interactions, dizziness, headache, confusion, oedema, hair loss, cardiac disarrythmias, nephrotoxicity, acute mania on withdrawal, anti-convulsants, weight loss, birth deformities.
Other ways of treating depression…
ECT, CBT, counselling, psychotherapy.
Mechanism of Anxiolytics…
Non-specific CNS depressants alleviating distress.
Examples of sedative-hypnotics…
Thiopental/Pentothal - prepare for surgery.
Secobarbital/Seconal - insomnia agitation.
Phenobarbital/Luminal - insomnia, seizures.
Zolpidem/Ambien - insomnia
Side effects of sedative-hypnotics…
suicidal tendencies, drowsiness, hangover, respiratory failure, dependence, seizure.
Examples of Benzodiazepines…
Diazepam/Valium - anxiety stress.
Alprazolam/Xanax - anxiety panic
Temazepam/Restoril - short term insomnia
Lorazepam/Ativan - anxiety, status epileptics, pre-op sedation, amnesia.
Side effects of Benzodiazepines…
accumulation of metabolites, over sedation, CNS depression, ataxia, headache, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, memory loss, hypotension, G| disturbances.
Examples of Non-Benzodiazepine
Buspirone/BuSpar - anxiety, depression, short term.
Side effects of Non-Benzodiazepines…
dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, dry mouth, blurred vision, mood change, palpitations.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia…
+ = hallucinations, delusions, bizzarre thought.
- = social withdrawal, flattened mood, apathy.
difficult to understand, disorganised and unable to distinguish between real/unreal experiences.
Examples of Antipsychotics (D2 receptor antagonists)…
Chlorpromazine/Thorazine - psychosis, schiz, child behaviour.
Fluphenazine/Prolixin - psychosis, schiz.
Haloperidol/Haldol - psychosis, severe behaviour.
Loxapine/Loxitane - mood management, schiz.
Side effects of D2 receptor antagonists…
parkinsonism, tremor, akinesia, muscle rigidity, sedation, hypotension, impaired thermoregulation, lactation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Examples of Atypical Antipsychotics…
Clozapine/Clozaril
Amisulphride/Solian
Risperidone/Risperfal
Onlazepine/Zyprexa
Side effects of Atypical Antipsychotics…
neuroleptic malignancy, headache, blurred vision, insomnia, photosensitivity, nervousness, dizziness, GI distress, glaucoma, urinary retention, peptic ulcer, dysrhythmias, hepatic dysfunction, weight gain.
