Asthma/COPD Flashcards
COPD IS WHEN A PT
CANNOT EXHALE ENOUGH
ASTHMA IS A
CONTRCITION PROBLEM
DEFINE STAUS ASTHMATICUS
MOST ECTREME FORM OF AN ASTHMA ATTACK, UNREPOSIVE TO BROCHODILATOR AND CORTICOSTERIODS. CHARACTERIZED BY SUDDEN SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND/ CANT SPEAK
DEFINE COR PULMONALE
PULMONARY ARTERY DISEASE D/T ENLARGEMTN/FAILURE OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE AS RESPONSE TO INCREASE VASCULAR RESISTANCE/HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS. RESULTS IN RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY BUTTTTT ACUTE OULMUNARY HEART DISEASE INITIALLY RESULTS IN DILATION
WHAT WOULD AN ABG VALUE LOOK LIKE EARLY IN ASTHMA ATTACK VS LATER
RESPIRORTY ALKALOSIS EARLY, RESPRITORY ACIDOSIS IF EPIOSDE IS PROLONGED/SEVERE
WHAT WOULD AN ABG LOOK LIKE FOR A COPD PT
HPOXIC, LOW PH, COMPENSATED RESP ACIDOSIS
WHAT IS FEV1
AMOUNT OF AIR EXPIRED W/ IN FIRST SECOND AFTER MAX INSPIRATION
WHAT IS FVC
THE AMOUNT OF AIR QUICKLY/FORCEFULLY EXHALED AFTER MAX INSPRIATION
IPATROPIUM
GOOD FOR 4 HOURS, BLOCK ACETYCHOLINE (RESTRICTS SMOOTH MUSCLE) MAKES MOUTH DRY
METHYLPREDNISOLONE
(SOLU-MEDROL) IV FOR WHEN NOTHING ELSE WILL WORK B/C STAUS ASTHMATICUS
OW WOULD YOU DIFFEENTIATE BETWEEN OBSTRUCTIVE/RESTRICTIVE PROBLEMS
FEV1/FVC RATIO
RESIDUAL VOLUME
AIR REMAINING IN LUNGS AFTER FORCED EXPIRATION
WHAT MED CLASS WOULD YOU USE FOR ACUTE EXACERBATION (QUICK RELIEF/RESCUE MEDS)
SHORT-ACTING-B-ADRENERGIC AGONSITS (SABA)
ONSET OF ACTION IN MINUTES, DURATION 4-8 HOURS ,PREVENTS RELEASE OF INFLAMMAROTY MEDIATROS, RELAXES SMOTH MUSCLE
SHORT-ACTING-B-ADRENERGIC AGONSITS (SABA) EXAMPLES
ALBUTEROL (PROVENTIL): NEBULIZER,
LEVALBUTEROL (XOPENEX): NEBULIZER, METERED DOSE INHALER (MDI)
SHORT-ACTING-B-ADRENERGIC AGONSITS (SABA) SIDE EFFECTS
CAUTION W. HEART DISORDERS B/C B-AGONISTS INCREASE BP AND HR. CAUSES CNS STIMULATION/EXCITATION, INCREASED RISK FOR DYSRHYMTHMIAS
WHAT MED WOULD YOU GIVE A PT HAVING A MOERATE-SEVERE ASTHMA ATTACK?
IPATROPRIUM INHALED ANDDD A SHORT-ACTING MUSCARINIC ANTAGONITS (SAMA) AKA, ALBUTEROL.
ACETYCHOLINE STOPS SMOOTH MUSCLE CONRACTION, DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS, BODILY SECRETIONS, AND SLOWED HR. SOOOO, WHEN THESE DRUGS BLOCK IT CAUSES EXITATORY/INHIBITORY EFFECTS
WHAT MED WOULD YOU GIVE A PT HAVING A MOERATE-SEVERE ASTHMA ATTACK?
SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTERIODS
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (SOLU-MEDROL) IV FOR CLOSED THROAT, ORAL FOR NON-COMPROMISED AIRWAY
PREDNISONE IS TAKEN ORALLY
SIDE EFFECTS: IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT, REDUCES BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS, DECREASED MUCOUS PRODUCTION, FLUID RETEION, HYPERTENSION, MOOD SWINGS, GI UPSET, WEIGHT GAIN, FAT DEPOSITS IN ABDOMEN/FACE/BACK/NECK.
LONG TERM SIDE EFFECTS: OSTERPROSIS, ADRENAL INSUFICIENY, HYPERLIPIEDMIA, HEPATIC ISSUES
WHAT ARE DAILY MEDS YOU’D USE FOR ASTHMA
INHALED CORTICOSTERIODS: BECLOMETHASONE, BUDESONIA, FUTICANISONE
- HAVE PT RINSE MOUTH AFTER EACH USE TO DECREASE FUNGAL INFECTION
LONG-ACTING B-ADRENERGIC AGENTS (LABA): SALMETEROL (DRY POWDER INHALER), FOMETEROL (NEB), ARFORMOTEROL (NEB)
NEVER USE ALONE, MUST BE USED WITH CORTICOSTEROID
LONG-ACTING ANTICHOLINERGIC: TIOTROPIUM (SPIRIVA) DRY POWDER INHALATION
HIGH FREQUENCY CHEST WALL OSCILLATION
VEST PT WEARS THAT REPEATEDLY COMPRESSES CHEST SO THAT SECREATIONS ARE BROKEN OFF AND COUGHED UP
ACAPELLA (PICKLE)
DEEP BREATH, OHOLD 3 SECS, EXHALE AS LONG AS POSSIBLE INTO MOUTH PIECE
WHAT LONG-ACTING
WHAT LONG-RANGE DRUG DO YOU USE TO TREAT TB
RIFAMPIN
WHERE WOULD YOU KEEP A TB POSITIVE PT IN YOUR HOME
IN A ROOM WITH AN OPEN WINDOW
RESPRITORY ACIDOSIS
PH LESS 7.35 PACO2GREATER 45
CAUSED BY NS DEPRESSION, PULMONARY DISORDERS
BECOME DROWSY/UNRESPONSIVE. USE BIPAP WHE AWAKE, INTUB FOR UNRESPONSIVE
RESPRITORY ALKALOSIS
PH GREATER 7.45 W/ PACO2 LESS 35
HYPERVENTILATION, BAG/NON INFLATED NONREBREATHER.
CAUSED BY FEVER, SEPSIS, EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
LIGHT HEADED, ARM TINGLING, MUSCLE SPASMS
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
PH LESS THAN 7.35, BICARB LESS THAN 22
CAUSED BY SEPSIS, DKA, RENAL FAILURE, ANAEROBIC METAB
Headache, confusion, N&V, lethargy, Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep breathing at a
consistent pace)
Metabolic Alkalosis
Defined as a pH greater than 7.45 and a
bicarbonate level greater than 26mEq/L
Caused by protracted vomiting, Aggressive gastric suctioning, Excess administration of diuretics
Symptoms include dizziness, lethargy, N&V, disorientation, Lethargy
