Assignment 4 - Anatomy, Physiology & Fittening Flashcards
Describe a simple synovial joint?
Describe a simple synovial joint?
.A simple synovial joint has only two articular cartilages with synovial fluid inbetween the two of them and is a joint between bones.
State the functions of synovial fluid?
State the functions of synovial fluid?
.The functions of synovial fluid is to cushion the articular cartilages, reduce friction between them and provide a nutritive source for them.
Compare the characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries?
Compare the characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries?
.Arteries, veins and capillaries share some characteristics but mainly differences. I will start with the differences between the three.
.Arterial blood is oxygenated and is carried to the tissues from the heart except for the pulmonary artery, is bright red, carried at high pressure, can constrict, has thick muscular walls and comes in pulses but venous blood is deoxygenated, carried from the tissues to the heart except the pulmonary vein, is dark red, carried at low pressure, has thinner walls than arteries and capillaries carry both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the heart, they have the thinnest walls of all of the vessels and are permeable.
.The similarities in characteristics between them all are that they all transport blood around the body and are vital for survival. Arteries and veins share the same characteristics in that they have elastic tissue and are not permeable. Veins and capillaries share the same characteristics in that they cannot constrict, have thinner walls than arteries, have no pulses and carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Capillaries and arteries share the same characteristics in that they both carry oxygenated blood from the heart and carry blood at a higher pressure than veins .
The components of blood are plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets?
The components of blood are plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets?
.The function of plasma is to help with the blood clotting process at the site of a wound, to transport digestive products, lactic acid, urea, glucose, hormones, water and salt to the body parts that need it and help remove the waste products.
.The function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the heart to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues to the heart in haemoglobin.
.The function of white blood cells are to fight disease by crossing the blood vessel walls to invade the pathogen at the site of injury or infection and to control inflammation at the site of injury or infection by releasing histamine to respond to the pathogen to try to heal its self. The types of white blood cells are granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells).
.The function of platelets are to release thrombokinase when a wound occurs to convert prothrombin to help with the clotting of the blood at the site of a wound to prevent blood being lost from the wound.
What are the aims of fittening a horse?
What are the aims of fittening a horse?
.The aims of fittening a horse are to prepare the horse to be able to compete in his discipline. It is done by exercising the horse so he will eventually be able to work longer before tiring and so he will be fit enough to compete without stress, fatigue and risk of injury.
.He will recover more quickly from exertion than an unfit horse and will develop the appropriate muscle groups required for his job e.g. slow or fast twitch muscles and Increase his cardiovascular capacity.
Describe how you will bring a horse up from grass in preparation for a fitness programme?
Describe how you will bring a horse up from grass in preparation for a fitness programme?
.I would bring up a horse from grass in preparation for a fitness programme by stabling the horse for 2 - 3 hours a day and slowly increase this until he is only turned out during the day. I would start exercising him for 20 minutes a day and slowly increasing until he is at the level he should be and starting to feed concentrates gradually. I would start grooming once the stabling has increased and picking out the feet before and after exercise and clip if needed. Make sure vaccination is up to date and shoes are fitted.
Prepare an outline plan of a fitness programme that will prepare a horse for a Riding Club One Day Event?
Prepare an outline plan of a fitness programme that will prepare a horse for a Riding Club One Day Event?
Week 1 & 2
Start by walking the horse on tracks for 20 minutes a day under saddle and over the 2 weeks gradually increase until it is for one hour a day of walking.
Week 3 & 4
Carry on with walking and after a start work in the school for 20 minutes with short periods of trotting 3 times a week and gradually increase to steady trotting in the arena or hacking for 10 – 20 minutes.
Week 5 & 6
Start 2 minutes of cantering while schooling and start to introduce pole work and jumping.
Week 7 & 8
Increase to 4 schooling sessions per week .
Marker note - Clarify for how long and doing what to provide a complete answer.Would you include lunging within this plan do you think?
Week 9 & 10
Start canter work 3 times a week of 3 minute strong canter with a break of 3 minute walk in between each .
Marker note - consider whether you are timing the 3 minutes over a particular distance to be covered.
Week 11 & 12
Carry on with current training and anything else that needs doing before the event.
Marker note - Would you do a dressage test before the event and possibly a cross country schooling session? Would you give the horse a rest day per week?
Give a simple explanation of how the horse’s feed may change as his workload increases?
Give a simple explanation of how the horse’s feed may change as his workload increases?
.A horses feed may change as his workload increase because he will need more energy as his workload increases to keep his ideal body weight requirements as he will lose weight through exercising.
.Marker note - correct but more detail needed e.g. the ratio of hard feed to fibre will change from 15:85 to in the region of 30:70. Horses in hard work (such as racing) are fed 50:50.
When carried out correctly lungeing is beneficial to the horse. List the benefits of lungeing?
When carried out correctly lungeing is beneficial to the horse. List the benefits of lungeing?
.Exercises the horse .Calms a excitable horse .Helps with training a young horse and
the side reins give him a feel for the contact.
.Muscle development .Useful in bad weather .Quicker than riding
.Helps bonding with horse .Teaches verbal commands .Gets the horse used to wearing
tack. Allows a large adult to exercise a small pony. Helps the rider observe their horse from the ground. Helps a vet diagnose lameness.
Discuss the main safety aspects to consider when lungeing?
Discuss the main safety aspects to consider when lungeing?
.The main safety aspect to consider when lungeing is getting caught up in the lunge line. If you handle the lunge line wrong and get caught up in it then you can get hand injuries, dragged along with the horse or even get stood on by the horse. This is why it’s to know how to handle the lunge line before lungeing a horse.
.The horse to wear brushing and over reach boots.The handler to wear hard hat, gloves, boots (without spurs).
.Maintain the safety triangle of :
handler to lunge line to horse
horse to lunge whip to handler. Enclosed area with a decent surface (not too hard or deep).
