ASRT EXAM 5 Flashcards
Which of the following best represents typical bone window settings?
A. WW 100; WL 30.
B. WW 350; WL 50.
C. WW 1500; WL -600.
D. WW 1800; WL 400
D. WW 1800; WL 400.
Which of the following changes would improve a CT scan’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce image noice?
A. Increasing pitch.
B. Decreasing mA.
C. Applying a high spatial frequency algorithm.
D. Using a larger voxel dimension.
D - Using a larger voxel dimension.
Using a larger voxel dimension would improve a CT scan’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduce image noice b/c of the greater amount of photon flux.
Voxel dimensions are increased by using a larger DFOV, wider slice thickness, or decreasing the matrix size.
An increase in image noise would occur with a lower mA setting, increased pitch, or high spatial frequency algorithm.
Which term is used to describe the amount of variation inside a region of interest (ROI)?
A. Resolution.
B. Standard deviation.
C. Linearity.
D. Matrix size.
B - Standard deviation.
Standard deviation is used to describe the amount of variation inside a region of interest (ROI).
Low standard deviation indicates that the ROI has little variation, while higher values indicate high variance.
Standard deviation is influenced by the presence of streak artifacts, mixed attenuation tissues, & incorrect ROI margins.
All of the following methods would reduce the radiation dose for a pediatric patient during a CT procedure, EXCEPT:
A. Using a multiphase scanning approach.
B. Scanning only the indicated area.
C. Increasing pitch.
D. Reducing mAs.
A - Using a multiphase scanning approach.
(Increasing pitch = makes table move faster through gantry = decreased time = decreased patient dose).
Relationship between Pitch & Pt Dose.
Increasing pitch = table moves faster through gantry = more anatomy scanned in a set amount of time = reduce pt dose.
What anatomy is best demonstrated during a CT scan of the larynx when a patient pronates a continuous “EEE” sound during the entire scan acquisition?
Vocal Chords.
What setting controls the energy of the X-rays emitted at the focal spot on the anode?
KVp.
The kinetic energy conversion produces approximately ________% electromagnetic energy in the form of X-ray and __________% thermal energy.
1% electromagnetic energy & 99% thermal energy.
All of the following are true when providing care for a patient with a chest tube, EXCEPT:
A. The chest tube should remain unclamped.
B. The drainage system can be raised above the pts chest.
C. Chest tubing should remain as straight as possible without kinks.
D. Continuous bubbling of the water seal may indicate a leak.
B - The drainage system can be raised above the pts chest.
When using a bow tie filter, which of the following is critical to AVOICD undesired irregularities in a pts radiation dose?
A. Correct WW and WL settings.
B. Centering the pt in the gantry.
C. Choosing a suitable post-processing technique.
D. Selecting the appropriate DFOV.
B - Centering the pt in the gantry.
What is a bowtie filter?
A bowtie or shaping filter can counterbalance the non-columnar quality of most pt body forms. It adds extra filtration along the side of the beam to absorb X-rays, which helps to reduce pt dose. It is critical to center the pt in the middle of the gantry when using a bowtie filter to prevent radiation dose irregularities.
Which of the following is a universally adopted file format that allows the exchange of medical images between facilities?
A. PACS.
B. HL-7.
C. DICOM.
D. EMR.
C - DICOM.
The reference artery for post-processing of a ct brain perfusion should:
Be visible in a cross-section.
When performing the post-processing for a CT brain perfusion, it is important to select a reference artery seen in a cross-section. Additionally, the reference artery should be one of the first to enhance & produce a curve with a wide width & high enhancement peak.
The imaging plane used parallel to the foot’s metatarsals is the:
A. Sagittal plane.
B. Oblique axial plane.
C. Coronal plane.
D. Direct axial plane.
B - oblique axial plane.
A typical injection rate for a CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast for cancer staging is:
A. 1 mL/s.
B. 3 mL/s.
C. 5 mL/s.
D. 12 mL/s.
B - 3 mL/s.
When performing a cat scan of the orbits in the axial plane, images should be acquired parallel to the:
Infraorbital meatal line (IOML) in thin sections of 1 to 3 mm.
The most proximal main branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) is the:
Conus artery.
A typical injection flow rate for CTA of the chest to evaluate for pulmonary embolism is:
4 to 5 mL/s.
During cardiac CT, a complete cardiac cycle is measured by the:
R-R interval. (It represents one cardiac cycle on a ECG).
All of the following are considered central venous catheters, EXCEPT:
A. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
B. Hickman.
C. Grohsong.
D. Levin.
D - Levin.
Levin is a type of plastic nasogastric tube that has a single-lumen and holes near the tip. It is passed through a patients nose & into the stomach and is commonly used for gastric decompression.
The CT scanner function that adjusts tube current based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to maintain a constant signal & reduce patient dose is referred to as:
Automatic tube current modulation.
Which of the following techniques should NOT be used when performing a CTA of the abdomen to rule-out an aortic dissection?
A. Use a test bolus or automated bolus tracking to scan during the arterial phase.
B. Have the patient ingest barium sulfate.
C. Inject contrast media at a flow rate of 4 to 5 mL/s.
D. Employee a single-breath hold during the scan.
B - Have the patient ingest barium sulfate.
The unit of measurement for exposure which describes the ability of X-rays to ionize a volume of air is:
Roentgen (R).
The roentgen (R) is a unit of measurement that describes the quantity of radiation absorbed in a volume of air. The SI unit for exposure is C/kg.
What is a Roentgen (R) and its SI units.
The roentgen (R) is a unit of measurement that describes the quantity of radiation absorbed in a volume of air. The SI unit for exposure is C/kg.
What 3D post-processing technique generates an image by including gall voxels?
A. Surface rendering.
B. MinIP.
C. MIP.
D. Volume rendering.
D - Volume rendering.
Volume rendering (VR) is a 3D post-processing technique that includes all voxels to generate an image, which demonstrates relationships between/t various anatomical structures.
- a benefit of VR post-processing is that items such as color scale, window setting, and values can be altered.
What is a typical injection rate for a CTA head to evaluate the circle of Willis?
4.0 mL/s.
What pathological condition involves the accumulation of excess fluid inside the lungs due to obstruction of the pulmonary circulation?
Pulmonary edema.
What step of imaging collects and measures the number of transmitted X-rays that strike the CT detectors?
Data acquisition.
Which of the following would affect the arrival time of IV contrast media at the main pulmonary artery during a CTA chest?
A. The pts cardiac output.
B. The pts gender.
C. The generation of CT scanner.
D. The pitch setting.
A - the pts cardiac output.
What type of artifacts is typically caused by a faulty detector in the CT system?
Ring.
The process that removes image blur from reconstructed images by including data obtained from X-ray tube rotations slightly above & below a slice is called:
Interpolation.
__________ allows the pt to travel through the CT gantry in one single breath-hold while the X-ray tube continuously rotates.
Helical mode.
On a 64-slice MDCT system with beam pitch set to 1.75 and a total collimation of 20 mm, how far will the table move per gantry rotation?
35 mm.
On MDCT scanner: beam pitch = table feed per rotation / total collimation [total number of sections x section width].
To optimally display opacification of the renal collecting system, the scan delay should be set to:
A. 20 to 25 seconds.
B. 30 to 40 seconds.
C. 70 to 90 seconds.
D. 3 to 15 minutes.
D 3 to 15 minutes.
The amount of blood (mL) that moves through 100 g of brain issue every minute is the:
Cerebral blood flow (CBF).
The amount of blood (mL) found within 100 g-volume of brain tissue is the:
Cerebral blood volume (CBV).