Asma Flashcards

1
Q

Exame respiratório

A
  • Avaliação da obstrução
  • Reversibilidade com broncodilatador
  • Prova de provocação (metacolina)
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2
Q

Prova de broncodilatação

A

1º espirometria
Quando se usa beta2-agonista de ação curta (salbutamol. terbutalina)
Quando se usa brometo de ipatrópio, devem ser aguardados 40 min

Aumento FEV1>200ml e >12%

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3
Q

Prova de broncoprovação

A

Broncodilatação negativa e forte suspeita de asma
Exequível se FEV1>75%
Uso metabolica em dose crescente

Redução FEV1>20%

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4
Q

Tabela de gravidade da asma

A

Intermittent asthma
Symptom frequency: ≤ 2/week
Waking up because of symptoms: ≤ 2/month

Mild persistent asthma:
Symptom frequency: > 2/week
Waking up because of symptoms: 3–4/month

Moderate persistent asthma:
Symptom frequency: daily
Waking up because of symptoms: > 1/week

Severe persistent asthma:
Severe persistent asthma
Daily symptoms throughout the day
Waking up because of symptoms: every night

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5
Q

Questionários de controlo da asma

A

ACT (asthma control test)
Controlado >19; Não controlado < 16; Parcialmente controlado 16 a 19

CARAT (teste de controlo da rinite e asma)
Controlado > 24
> 8 vias aéreas superiors
>16 vias aéreas inferiores

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6
Q

Medicação para asma

Aqui corticoides são todos inalados

A

Degrau 1
Corticoesteroides + formeterol
Alternativa: SABA

Degrau 2
Baixas doses de corticoesteroides OU corticoesteroides+formeterol
Alternativas: Antagonista dos recetores de leucotrienos

Degrau 3
Baixas doses de Corticoesteroides + LABA
Alternativa: Dose média de corticoesteroides, ou baixa dose de ICS+ LTRA

Degrau 4
Dose média de Corticoesteroides + LABA

Outra opção: Dose alta de corticoesteroides; terapêutica add on com tiotrópio ou modificador dos leucotrienos

Degrau 5
Dose alta de Corticoesteroides + LABA
+ avaliação fenotípica: terapêutica add-on

Outra opção: adicionais corticoesteroides orais de baixa dose

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7
Q

SABA; LABA

short/long- acting-beta-2 agonists

A

SABA
Albuterol

LABA
Salmeterol
Formoterol

Dilation of bronchial smooth muscles

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8
Q

ICS

A

Fluticasona

Inhibit transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB) → ↓ expression of proinflammatory genes (see “Glucocorticoids”)

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9
Q

LTRAS

A

Montelukast

Prevent leukotrienes from binding to their receptors (CysLT1)→ ↓ bronchoconstriction and inflammation

Consider for exercise-induced asthma and aspirin-induced asthma.

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10
Q

LAMA; SAMA

A

LAMA: tiptropium bromido
SAMA: ipatropium bromido

Competitively inhibit postganglionic muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle → bronchodilator (see “Muscarinic antagonists”)

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