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Prueba 1 > ASIS CPP - Investigations > Flashcards

ASIS CPP - Investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Investigation?

A

A systematic & thorough examination or inquiry into something or someone (the collection of facts & information) and the recording of that examination in a report)

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2
Q

What is a fact-finding process, ideally separated from the decision-making process?

A

Workplace Investigation

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3
Q

Facts of an effective workplace investigation

A
  1. Must be fair & impartial
  2. Must be factual & objective
  3. Must be thorough
  4. Must be well documented
  5. Must protect the rights of suspected violators & witnesses
  6. Must not violate the law, company policy, labor agreements, or anyone’s right to privacy
  7. Must be confidential - evidence findings, notes, reports & conclusions should only be shared with those who need to know
  8. Should always involve upper-management & HR
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4
Q

Primary Purposes of any Investigation

A
  1. Documenting incidents
  2. Identifying the cause of undesirable situations
  3. Documenting & correlating facts
  4. Identifying suspects
  5. Compiling information to prove/disprove allegations or implicate/exonerate suspects
  6. To make a decision about suitability
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5
Q

What is a lack of solid, ethical standards that can seriously damage the effectiveness of an investigative unit & can leave the organization open to civil or criminal liability?

A

Ethics

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6
Q

Two Key Decisions for Outsourcing and Investigation

A
  1. Size of the preferred vendor
  2. Whether services will be bundled
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7
Q

5 Attributes of an effective & reliable investigation

A
  1. Objectivity
  2. Thoroughness
  3. Relevance
  4. Accuracy
  5. Timeliness
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8
Q

5 Principle resources of an investigation unit

A
  1. People
  2. Information
  3. Credibility
  4. Physical assets
  5. Financial assets
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9
Q

4 Phases of the investigative life cycle

A
  1. Initiation of the investigation & its source
  2. The investigation itself
  3. Reporting
  4. use of the information (includes adjudication)
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10
Q

3 Tools of an investigator (“the 3 I’s”)

A
  1. Information
  2. Instrumentation
  3. Interrogation (principal tool)
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11
Q

3 Definition or foundation documents for the unit

A
  1. Functional charter (usually produced in the suite)
  2. Policy statement
  3. Objectives
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12
Q

When should an employer determine whether the employee conduct is a legitimate subject of discipline & inquiry under state & federal laws?

A

Prior to conducting an investigation

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13
Q

Principle characteristics of internal theft

A
  1. diversion
  2. conversion
  3. disguise
  4. divergence
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14
Q

Incident investigations may also be referred to as…

A

Complaint Investigations (which is the most common type of investigation in many organizations

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15
Q

An Incident Reporting System does 2 things that could not otherwise be done

A
  1. Provides a history of events occurring to the organization
  2. Provides a basis for professional efforts at asset recapture, recovery or incident reduction or termination
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16
Q

4 Categories of Security Data Analysis

A
  1. Claims avoided
  2. Proofs of loss
  3. Recovery of physical assets
  4. Uninsured claims or causes of action
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17
Q

The purpose of an Incident Report is to…

A

Provide data on which to base security decisions

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18
Q

Benefits of an Incident Reporting System

A
  1. Identifies the item targeted for theft
  2. Determines which counter-measures were effective
  3. Classifies events that are high-probability / low-criticality to low-probability / high-criticality
  4. Provide an overview of where security personnel are spending their time
  5. Plot event trends
  6. Facilitate protection or recovery of assets and apprehension of thieves
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19
Q

3 Steps to recommended reporting progression

A
  1. All employees must notify their immediate supervisor of any incidents or known or suspected asset losses
  2. First-line supervisors should be responsible for completing reports of losses within their areas of responsibility
  3. The Security Manager is responsible for reviewing the report
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20
Q

3 Types of Incident Database Reports

A
  1. General management distribution reports
  2. Corrective action reports
  3. Loss status report
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21
Q

Predictive Modeling

A

By tracking & analyzing incidents, the security manager can determine countermeasures that may prevent future losses

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22
Q

What is a common mistake of inexperienced investigators

A

Failing to corroborate evidence

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23
Q

3 Forms of evidence

A
  1. Oral
  2. Documentary
  3. Physical
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24
Q

Spoken statement regarding person’s knowledge which may be direct or indirect & gained in any manner

A

Oral Evidence

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25
Q

Information usually in the form of documents or writing impressions

A

Documentary Evidence

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26
Q

Evidence that is tangible

A

Physical

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27
Q

Evidence that is first-hand knowledge

A

Direct Evidence

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28
Q

Evidence that is highly informed inference (aka: circumstance evidence or hearsay evidence)

A

Indirect Evidence

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29
Q

The rule that applies most often in determining the importance of evidence & its ability to prove a point

A

Materiality

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30
Q

In the majority of inquiries who the most available and valuable sources of information?

A

The persons involved

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31
Q

What evidence in its natural state, cannot be seen what is contained in the physical object that holds our evidence; equipment & software are required to make the evidence visible (i.e. fingerprints, electronic evidence)?

A

Latent Evidence

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32
Q

Categories of Physical Evidence

A
  1. Corpus Delicti
  2. Associative
  3. Identifying
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33
Q

Evidence that proves a crime has been committed

A

Corpus Delicti

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34
Q

Circumstantial evidence; links a suspect with the scene of the crime

A

Associative

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35
Q

Associative evidence that establishes the identity of suspect & found at the scene

A

Identifying

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36
Q

When does success in the use of evidence increase?

A

When an incident scene search is planned, coordinated, and executed by knowledgeable security employees

* A search may be either a cautious search of visible areas (avoiding evidence loss or contamination or a vigorous search of concealed areas)

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37
Q

2 Main tasks that the on-site team should perform

A
  1. Secure & protect the scene
  2. Take control of the scene immediately
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38
Q

In evidence searches what do you focus on first?

A

Evidence that could be lost

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39
Q

What OSHA standard says to utilize universal precautions that require all blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious materials to be treated as if infected with blood-borne diseases?

A

Blood-born pathogens standard

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40
Q

What are 3 things all explosive materials sensitive to?

A

heat, shock, friction

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41
Q

What can result from direct or indirect exposure to laser beams

A

Irreversible eye damage

* Prolonged exposure to the skin should also be avoided

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42
Q

What present hazards including toxic gases, explosive or oxygen-deficient atmospheres electrical dangers, or materials that can engulf personnel entering the space

A

Confined Spaces

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43
Q

PPE - what provides protection from acids, alkaline solutions, hydraulic fluid, photographic solutions, fuels, lubricants, aromatics, petroleum and chlorinated solvents.?

A

Nitrile

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44
Q

What offers resistance to oil, grease, acids, solvents, alkalies, bases & most refrigerants?

A

Neoprene

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45
Q

What is resistant to alkalies, oils & limited concentrations of nitric & chromic acids?

A

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

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46
Q

What resists mild acids, caustic detergents, germicides & electronic solutions

A

Latex (natural rubber)

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47
Q

What material swells & degrades if exposed to gasoline or kerosene?

A

Latex

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48
Q

What is a running description of the incident scene?

A

The Narrative

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49
Q

What type of approach should be used in the narrative

A

Systematic

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50
Q

What should be used to supplement, not substitute, for the narrative?

A

Photographs & Sketches

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51
Q

What can be caused by an incorrect point of view, improper perspective & deceptive tones like shadows?

A

Distortion

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52
Q

What parts of the incident scene should be photographed first

A

The most fragile areas

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53
Q

In what positions (twice - first) should the important pieces of the evidence be photographed?

A

A medium distance view that shows the evidence & its position to other evidence A close view that includes a scale and fills the frame

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54
Q

Before releasing the incident scene ensure that the evidence is:

A
  1. Collected according to legal requirements
  2. Documented
  3. Marked for identification
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55
Q

Who is the only person to release the scene?

A

The person in charge

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56
Q

What is the most critical point of the incident scene investigation and is the time when errors occur?

A

Collection of physical evidence

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57
Q

What is the most common type of physical evidence?

A

Fingerprints

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58
Q

How many people should observe the evidence in place during recovery & being marked

A

Two

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59
Q

Where to mark evidence

A

Directly on the evidence when necessary

* The best way to certify a piece of evidence is with investigators initials

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60
Q

What establishes the actual chain of custody

A

Proper marking of evidence at the time of seizure & transfer

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61
Q

Adhesives - If possible submit the item to which the adhesive, caulk or sealant has adhered

A

If not possible remove a sample of the material with a clean sharp instrument & transfer it to a resealable plastic bag or leak-proof container, such as a film canister or plastic pill bottle

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62
Q

Steps for proper anthropology

A
  1. Clean & air-dry bones if possible
  2. Pack in paper bags & wrap in protective material, such as bubble wrap or paper
  3. If the tissue is present in the skeletal material, refrigerate until mailing & then ship in a foam cooler
  4. Collect insect samples found on the remains in leak-proof containers such as film canisters or plastic pill bottle
  5. Call the laboratory for additional instructions or contact an entomologist
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63
Q

Handling Blood Evidence

A
  1. Collect at least two 5ml tubes of blood in purple-top tubes, w/ EDTA as an anticoagulant for DNA analysis
  2. Collect samples for drug-or-alcohol testing in gray-top tubes
  3. Refrigerate (do not freeze) blood samples - use cold packs, not dry ice, during shipping
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64
Q

How to dry bloodstained garments

A

Air-dry

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65
Q

Bloodstains

A
  1. Do not place wet or dried garments in plastic or airtight containers
  2. Pack in a clean paper - do not use plastic containers
  3. Air-dry the cloth or swab & pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners - do not use plastic containers
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66
Q

Oral Swabs (Buccal)

A

Air-dry the swabs & place in a clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners - do no use plastic containers

67
Q

Building Materials

A
  1. Package each item of evidence in a separate paper bag - do not process tools for latent prints
  2. Submit known a questioned debris in leak-proof containers such as film canisters or plastic pill bottles - do not use paper or glass containers
68
Q

Chemicals

A
  1. Collect an unstained control sample, package separately, & submit it with the stained evidence
  2. When cutting is not possible, transfer questioned stains by rubbing with a clean cotton swab
  3. Air-dry the swab & pack in a heat - sealed or resealable plastic bag Submit an unstained swab as a control
69
Q

Computers

A
  1. Use a sturdy cardboard container when shipping computer components; if possible, use the original packing case with the fitted padding
  2. Use large, plastic bubble wrap or foam rubber pads as packing
  3. Do not use loose foam pieces because they lodge inside computers & components & create static charges that can cause data loss or damage to circuit boards
  4. Pack & ship central processing units in the upright position: label the outside container “this end up”
70
Q

Controlled Substances

A

Submit evidence in separate, heat-sealed or resealed plastic bags

71
Q

Lubricants

A
  1. Air-dry the evidence & package separately in paper bags
  2. Air-dry the swab & pack it in a heat-sealed or resealable plastic bag
  3. Package lubricants separately in leak-proof containers
72
Q

Two sources of DNA are used in the Forensic analysis

A
  1. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) is typically analyzed in evidence containing blood, semen, saliva, body tissue and hairs with tissue at the roots
  2. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is typically analyzed in evidence containing naturally shed hairs, hair fragments, bones & teeth
73
Q

Dyes

A

Do not submit largely stained evidence (e.g. car seats) when possible, cut a small sample of the stained area & submit in a heat-sealed or resealable plastic bag

74
Q

Feathers

A

Submit feathers in heat-sealed or resealable plastic bags or paper bags

75
Q

Fibers

A

Submit fibers in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners

76
Q

Glass

A
  1. Submit samples of glass from each broken window or source in leak-proof containers such as film canisters or plastic pill bottle (do not use paper or glass containers)
  2. Submit particles in leak-proof containers such as film canisters or plastic pill bottles - do not use paper or glass containers
  3. Submit vacuum sweepings in leak-proof containers - do no use paper or glass containers
77
Q

Glass - Fractures

A
  1. Pack all glass separately & securely to avoid shifting & breaking during shipping
  2. Secure the glass between some plywood or sturdy cardboard - do not place any objects into the impact area
78
Q

Guns & Gun Parts

A
  1. Firearms must be minimally handled to avoid loss or destruction of evidence
  2. Objects must not be allowed to enter or contact the firearms barrel, chamber, or other operating surfaces
  3. Use fingers to pick up a handgun by its knurl grips - Never stick anything down the barrel of the weapon
  4. Do not mark the item - firearm pieces must be identified with a tag containing the caliber, make, model and serial number
79
Q

Hair

A
  1. Collect at least 25 known hairs from different parts of the head or pubic regions - comb & pull out the hairs
  2. Submit hairs in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners
  3. Packages each group of hair separately in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners - do not use plastic containers
  4. Refrigerate & submit as soon as possible to the selected laboratory
80
Q

Images

A
  1. Never use the pause operation when viewing original videotapes
  2. Process all film including bank surveillance film, prior to submitting
  3. Do not mark or cut items submitted for comparisons where they are visible in the questioned images
  4. Submit items such as clothing & firearms for other examinations before submitting them for image comparison
81
Q

Ink

A

Pack ink evidence separately from any document or surface with ink marks

82
Q

Latent Fingerprints

A

The laboratory is the best place to develop latent prints However, it is sometimes necessary to develop latent prints at incident scenes

83
Q

Paint

A
  1. Collect control paint chips - controls must be taken from an area close to but not in any damaged area
  2. Package paint specimens in leak-proof containers, such as vials or pillboxes
  3. Do not stick paint particles on adhesive tape
  4. Do not use plastic bags, cotton or envelopes to package paint specimens
84
Q

Pepper Spray or Foam

A
  1. Air-dry the evidence & package separately in paper bags
  2. Moisten a clean cotton cloth or swab with isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) & wipe over the sprays or foams
  3. Prepare a second, moistened cloth or swab as a control
  4. Air-dry the cloths or swabs & pack separately in heat-sealed or resealable plastic bags
  5. Submit spray canisters when possible
85
Q

Polymers

A
  1. Submit fragments in leak-proof containers, such as film canisters or plastic pill bottles - do not use cotton or paper containers
  2. Remove damaged motor-vehicle parts & package separately in resealable plastic bags or boxes
  3. If possible submit entire items with potential or smeared polymeric transfers
  4. Package separately in paper bags - pack to prevent stain removal by abrasive action during shipping
  5. Pack in clean paper - do not use plastic containers
86
Q

Product Tampering

A
  1. Package & ship samples separately to avoid contamination
  2. submit samples in leak-proof containers, such as film canisters or plastic pill bottles - do not use paper or glass
87
Q

Ropes & Cords

A
  1. Submit the entire rope or cord, if the rope or cord must be cut, specify which end was cut during evidence collection
  2. Submit in heat-sealed or resealable plastic or paper bags
88
Q

Saliva & Urine

A
  1. Pack in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners
  2. When possible, cut a large sample of saliva or urine stains from immovable objects with a clean sharp instrument
  3. Pick up cigarette butts with gloved hands or clean forceps - do not submit ashes Air-dry & place the cigarette butts from the same location in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners
  4. Pick up chewing gum with gloved hands or clean forceps, air-dry and place in clean paper or envelope with sealed corners
89
Q

Semen & Semen Stains

A
  1. Submit small, dry semen-stained objects to the selected laboratory
  2. Absorb dried semen stains on immovable objects onto a clean cotton cloth or swab moistened with distilled water
  3. Air-dry the swab or cloth & place in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners
  4. These samples should not be packed in plastic containers
90
Q

Photographing Shoeprint & Tire Tread Impressions

A

General incident scene photographs must be taken to relate the impressions to the incident scene

91
Q

Shoeprint & Tire-tread Impressions

A
  1. Allow the cast to air-dry for at least 48 hrs
  2. Package the cast in paper, not plastic
  3. Air-dry & package evidence separately in bubble wrap, clean/smooth paper, laminated folders or paper bags
92
Q

Soil

A
  1. Air-dry the soil & the clothing & package separately in paper bags
  2. Air-dry the soil & package separately in paper bags
  3. Submit known & questioned soil in leak-proof containers - do not use paper envelopes or glass containers
93
Q

Tape

A
  1. Whenever possible submit tape still adhered to the substrate minimizing the loss of trace evidence, latent fingerprints or contact impressions
  2. Do not distort or tear the tape during removal
  3. If the tape is cut during removal document and initial each cut
94
Q

Tissues Bones Teeth

A
  1. Place tissues samples in a clean, airtight plastic container without formalin or formaldehyde
  2. Place teeth & bone samples in clean paper or an envelope with sealed corners
  3. Freeze the evidence place in foam containers, and ship overnight on dry ice
95
Q

Tool Marks

A
  1. Submit samples in leak-proof containers, such as film canisters or plastic pill bottles
  2. To avoid contamination, do not place the tool against the foot-marked evidence
  3. Submit the tool rather than making test cuts or impressions
96
Q

Toxicology

A
  1. Because of a large number of potentially toxic substances, it may be necessary to screen for classes of poisons, such as:
  • Volatile compounds (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol)
  • Heavy metal (arsenic)
  • Non-volatile organic compounds (drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals)
  • Miscellaneous substances (strychnine, cyanide)
97
Q

Toxicology

A
  1. The quantity of biological specimens submitted depends on
  • Whether identity of a toxic substance is known The route of administration
  • Time after exposure that biological specimens are collected
  • Whether the persons involved are living or dead
98
Q

Toxicology

A
  1. Place each biological specimen in a separate, labeled, sealed glass tube, plastic cup, or heat-sealed or resealable plastic bag
  2. Biological specimens must be refrigerated or frozen during shipping
99
Q

Chain of Custody

A

The uninterrupted control of evidence, critical to the admission of evidence in court

100
Q

Written Evidence

A

Traits such as age, sex, personality, and intent cannot be determined by handwriting

101
Q

Written Evidence - Types of False Signatures

A
  1. Traced signatures are prepared by using a genuine signature as a template or pattern
  2. Simulated signatures are prepared by copying or drawing a genuine signature
  3. Freehand signatures as written in the forger’s normal handwriting with no attempt to copy another person’s writing style
102
Q

Documentary Evidence

A

Burned or charred paper with information on it can sometimes be deciphered - it must be minimally handled and shipped in the container in which it was burned in polyester film encapsulation or between layers of cotton in a rigid container

103
Q

Res Gestae

A
  1. Things done is an exception to the rule against hearsay evidence based on the belief that because certain statements made naturally, spontaneously, and without deliberation during the course of an event, they leave little room for misunderstanding or misinterpretation by another person
104
Q

Res Gestae

A

The courts believe such statements carry a high degree of credibility

105
Q

Types of evidence that can be admitted as res gestate fall into three categories

A
  1. Words or phrases that form part of, or explain, a physical act
  2. Exclamations that are so spontaneous as to belie concoction
  3. Statements that are evidence as to someone’s state of mind
106
Q

The Daubert decision (1993) and Federal Rules of Evidence (Are 702) identify five considerations

A
  1. Whether the technique or theory can be or has been tested
  2. Whether the technique or theory has been subject to peer review and publication
  3. The known or potential rate of error of the technique or theory
  4. The existence and maintenance of standards and controls
  5. The degree to which the technique or theory has been generally accepted within the scientific community
107
Q

Public vs. Private Sector Investigations Scope

A

Corporate investigations tend to be broader in scope than those initiated by public law enforcement

108
Q

Private sector security value is frequently measured in

A
  1. Recovery
  2. Restitution
  3. Risk reduction
109
Q

Burdens of Proof

A
  1. Public sector (criminal court): Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
  2. Private sector (civil court): Preponderance of the evidence
110
Q

Differences in multi-national and international investigations fall into one or more of three categories

A
  1. Laws
  2. Liaison
  3. Approach
111
Q

Differences in multi-national and international investigations fall into one or more of three categories

A
  1. Laws
  2. Liaison
  3. Approach
112
Q

What originated in the securities industry (Securities Act of 1933)

A

Due Diligence

113
Q

Due diligence

A

Always based on the “reasonably prudent person” rule

114
Q

Due diligence

A

Diligence emphasizes the positive aspect of due care, while negligence describes the failure to exercise due care

115
Q

What is the most important reasons for conducting due investigations

A

To protect assets

116
Q

What should be reviewed when performing due diligence investigations on businesses?

A

Capital expenditures should be reviewed for the last five years

117
Q

What is a common error in a due diligence investigation?

A

Relying on information from the target of the investigation

118
Q

What is the first step in due diligence investigations

A

To examine the issue at hand - the deal, the person, the investment, etc. - and understand what factors to focus on to answer the problem

119
Q

Due diligence investigative resources - Primary Sources

A
  1. interviews with individuals
  2. Direct observations of people, places or events
120
Q

Due diligence investigative resources - Secondary Sources

A
  1. Government-maintained public records
  2. Commercial record sources
  3. Annual reports and other company records
  4. News and other media sources
121
Q

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc

A

requires judges to determine whether expert scientific testimony is based on sound science before allowing it into evidence

122
Q

General Electric Co. vs. Joiner

A

Found that trial judges can specify the kind of scientific testimony that juries can hear

123
Q

Kumho Tire vs. Carmichael Co

A

Expanded the scope of Daubert, requiring that any expert, scientific or otherwise, be scrutinized before testifying

124
Q

Kumho Tire vs. Carmichael Co

A

Expanded the scope of Daubert, requiring that any expert, scientific or otherwise, be scrutinized before testifying

125
Q

OSHA Investigation

A

OSHA expanded its general duty clause in 1993 to include a duty to protect employees from workplace violence when it fined Charter Barclay, psychiatric care facility, $12,000 for failing to protect its employees from assaults perpetrated by its patients

126
Q

General Duty Clause

A

This part of the Act requires employers to provide employees with a working environment free from recognized hazards

127
Q

Special Duty Clause

A

This part of the Act requires employers to comply with standards listed in the Act itself or published by the secretary of labor

128
Q

State Standards

A

A state-adopted standard separate from the OSHA special duty standards under the Occupational Safety and Health State Plan Association (OSHPA) program - state standards, policies and procedures at least as effective as those of OSHA

129
Q

Types of OSHA violations

A
  1. Imminent dangers
  2. Serious violation
  3. Non-serious violation
  4. De minimis conditions
  5. Repeated violation/failure to correct
130
Q

OSHA normally schedules compliance inspections according to the following priorities

A
  1. In response to fatalities or the hospitalization of two or more employees from the same incident
  2. In response to employee complaints
  3. In selected high-hazard “target industries”
  4. Based on a random selection of industries that have not been previously inspected
131
Q

What can cost much more than penalties?

A

Purchase of new equipment Plant remodeling Lost production time

132
Q

What can cost much more than penalties?

A

Purchase of new equipment Plant remodeling Lost production time

133
Q

OSHA officers may be looking for compliance with two types of standards

A

vertical standards: which apply to a particular industry or particular operations, practices, conditions, processes means, methods, equipment or installations Horizontal standards: which are more general standards applicable to multiple industries

134
Q

Fines for OSHA violations

A

Serious violation: Up to $7k Non-serious violation: Up to $7k Repeated or willful violations: Up to $70k; minimum penalty for a willful violation is $5k Willful violation that resulted in the death of an employee is punishable by up to $10k in fines and a six-month jail sentence Violations of posting requirements are fined up to $7k each

135
Q

OSHA provides criminal sanctions in 3 situations

A
  1. When an employer’s willful violation of a standard, rule, order, or regulation causes the death of an employee
  2. When an individual makes a false representation regarding compliance with the Act
  3. When a person gives advance notice of an inspection
136
Q

In determining whether an employment relationship exists, the OSHRC uses the “economic realities test” to

A
  1. Determine who workers consider being their employer
  2. Who pays workers
  3. Who has a responsibility to control workers
  4. Whether the cited employer has control over workers
  5. Whether the cited employer had the power to hire or fire workers
137
Q

Multiple-employer doctrine

A

Is interpreted to hold that general contractors may be held in violation of safety regulations even if they had no employees at the job site, as a general contractor normally has the responsibility and the means to ensure that other contractors fulfill their obligations for employee safety

138
Q

Common defenses against OSHA-imposed criminal citations

A
  1. An isolated occurrence or employee misconduct
  2. Greater hazard
  3. Infeasibility or impossibility of compliance
139
Q

Two types of injury and illness records must be maintained at each establishment

A
  1. The log and summary of Occupational injuries and illnesses (OSHA forms 300 and 300A)
  2. The Supplementary Record of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA form 101) or equivalent
140
Q

Occupational injuries and illnesses that must be recorded are those that result in

A
  1. Fatalities, regardless of the time between the injury and death, or the length of the illness
  2. Lost workday cases, other than fatalities
  3. Nonfatal cases without lost workdays that result in any of the following
141
Q

Typically results from a work accident or simple incident

A

Injury

142
Q

Typically arises from hours, days, or longer exposure to a substance, heat, noise, or other insults to the body, cumulative in its effect, and which may not have been noticed at the outset. It is an abnormal condition or disorder, other than an injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors connected with employment

A

Illness

143
Q

Four-phase program conducted by the security force

A

Phase 1) Zone the plant and identify critical safety points; use self-inspection checklists the officer can complete

Phase 2) Train security officers in specific OSHA requirements applicable to different inspection zones

Phase 3) Design safety inspection forms to be used by security officers to conduct safety

Phase 4) Review any identified issues or safety discrepancies, and determine the actions to correct them

144
Q

A “national consensus standard” is any of the following, as defined by OSHA

A
  1. Any occupational safety/health standard or modification by a national-recognized standards-producing organization
  2. Standards developed after conflicting or differing views had been considered
  3. A practice designated as a national consensus standard by the Secretary of Labor after consultation with other federal agencies
145
Q

An interactive form of investigation

A

Undercover Investigation

146
Q

Main potential problem in an undercover investigation

A

the possibility that the investigation will be exposed or compromised

147
Q

Most common types of undercover investigations

A

Drug investigations Theft investigations

148
Q

Five phases of undercover operations

A
  1. Planning and preparation
  2. Information gathering
  3. Verification and analysis
  4. Disciplinary and corrective action
  5. Prevention and education
149
Q

Information gathering phase includes two types of assets

A

People in the project management team Processes for communications reporting, filing

150
Q

Five distinct and interrelated individuals included in the investigative team

A
  1. undercover investigator
  2. Project manager
  3. Client representative
  4. A corporate attorney
  5. A law enforcement representative if necessary
151
Q

One of the most popular formats for investigative reports is

A

Structured Narrative

152
Q

Maintains and archives the closed case file

A

Custodian of Record

153
Q

Why should I involve legal counsel?

A

is to protect the investigator’s work product from discovery

154
Q

Two methods of placement for the undercover investigator in the desired position

A
  1. Cold hire
  2. Controlled hire
155
Q

Cold hire

A

The investigator applies for and is hired for a position just like any other applicant (preferred but not always practical)

156
Q

Controlled hire

A

The employment process is covertly manipulated to ensure the investigator is hired and placed correctly

157
Q

What is the first step of the undercover investigator once engaged?

A

Relationship building

158
Q

To make (or break) the investigation the undercover investigator must be able to

A
  1. Think
  2. Plan
  3. Execute
159
Q

Employees who are involved in breaking the law in one way will often find it easy to join the operative in trying to break the law in other ways

A

Cognitive Consistency

160
Q

Workplace crime is a function of three fundamental elements

A
  1. Quality of people hired
  2. The environment
  3. The quality of supervision
161
Q

Interviews often begin with those most involved and work toward those less involved because

A
  1. perpetrator(s) has already been identified
  2. Interviews of others before the interrogation of the suspect may tip him off
162
Q

The timing of the removal of the operative is one of the most frequently debated subjects- Operative is one of the most frequently debated subjects

A

Operative should be kept it is as long as possible

163
Q

Who should the communications regarding the findings of an undercover investigation be delivered to?

A

The workforce only after all corrective actions have taken place

164
Q

Employee prosecution rarely provides any real return on the company’s investment

A

Disciplinary action is a preferred recourse, since prosecution from a business perspective, only further erodes the corporate bottom line & has been shown to have little deterrent value

Prueba 1 (19 decks)

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