Asian Language & Culture: Implications for Assessment & Intervention Flashcards
Origins: East Asia (Japan, Korea, China)
Southeast Asia (Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia)
South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka)
KEY RELIGIONS: _________, ______, __________
Origins: East Asia (Japan, Korea, China)
Southeast Asia (Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia)
South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka)
KEY RELIGIONS: BUDDHISM, TAOISM, CONFUCIANISM
Pew Research Center 2017:
By 2025, Asian immigrants will become _______ foreign-born group (born out of the country and immigrated)
Pew Research Center 2017:
By 2025, Asian immigrants will become LARGEST foreign-born group (born out of the country and immigrated)
Many Indians in the U.S. are ________
Highest in caste system social status
Represent ______ people
High priority on science and ______ careers
Caste system is alive and well
Many Sikh Indians in CA today, darker skinned Indians may face discrimination known as ________
Many Indians in the U.S. are BRAHMIN
Highest in caste system social status
Represent WEALTHY people
High priority on science and MEDICAL careers
Caste system is alive and well
Many Sikh Indians in CA today, darker skinned Indians may face discrimination known as COLORISM
II. CONTRASTING BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES
Traditional Asian:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Tradition, living with the past Group \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ interdependence Hierarchy, rigid role status \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Encourages continued dependence on family Parent is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Parents' ask child, "what can you do to help me?"
II. CONTRASTING BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES
Traditional Asian:
FATALISM Tradition, living with the past Group WELFARE MUTUAL interdependence Hierarchy, rigid role status CONFORMITY Encourages continued dependence on family Parent is AUTHORITY Parents' ask child, "what can you do to help me?"
II. CONTRASTING BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES
Mainstream:
_______ control over one’s environment or ___
Change, future orientation
Self ___________, privacy
Independence, individual ________
_______, status determined by achievement
Challenge authority
_____ independence encouraged
Parents as child, “what can I do to help you?”
II. CONTRASTING BELIEFS, VALUES, AND PRACTICES
Mainstream:
PERSONAL control over one’s environment or FATE
Change, future orientation
Self ACTUALIZATION, privacy
Independence, individual AUTONOMY
EQUALITY, status determined by achievement
Challenge authority
EARLY independence encouraged
Parents as child, “what can I do to help you?”
For children, many Asian families believe (in contrast to traditional U.S. families)
Self _________ not important
Learn by observation, not _________
Best—- seen and not heard
For children, many Asian families believe (in contrast to traditional U.S. families)
Self EXPRESSION not important
Learn by observation, not EXPLORATION
Best—- seen and not heard
III. CUSTOMS, COURTESIES, VALUES
_________
Respect for elders, teachers, authority figures
Modesty, _______
III. CUSTOMS, COURTESIES, VALUES
HOSPITALITY
Respect for elders, teachers, authority figures
Modesty, HUMILITY
B. Communication Styles
_______ rules of communication propriety based on relative status of __________
May be considered appropriate to ask personal questions
__________ often the norm re: touchy subjects
Some Asians may smile or laugh when _________ or ______
B. Communication Styles
FORMAL rules of communication propriety based on relative status of INTERLOCUTORS
May be considered appropriate to ask personal questions
INDIRECTNESS often the norm re: touchy subjects
Some Asians may smile or laugh when EMBARRASSED or ANGRY
IV. HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES
Visible vs. invisible disabilities
Disabilities are due to _____, karma, ____ committed by ancestors
Families may be ________ to bring a child for help if his/her disability represents sins committed by parents/ancestors
As SLPs…
We may have trouble getting families to __________ disabilities and sign IEPs for special education services
IV. HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES
Visible vs. invisible disabilities
Disabilities are due to FATE, karma, SINS committed by ancestors
Families may be ASHAMED to bring a child for help if his/her disability represents sins committed by parents/ancestors
As SLPs…
We may have trouble getting families to ACKNOWLEDGE disabilities and sign IEPs for special education services
V. ASIAN EDUCATION
_________ hugely valued
Asian children attend preschool at a ______ rate than other groups
V. ASIAN EDUCATION
EDUCATION hugely valued
Asian children attend preschool at a HIGHER rate than other groups
California Educator—Asians in the U.S. have the highest rates of:
_______ degree attainment
Number of persons with degrees
_______ _______ occupations (outperform whites)
However, in California: (California Educator continued)
40% of ______, 38% _______, 35% _________ don’t complete high school because of poverty
California Educator—Asians in the U.S. have the highest rates of:
COLLEGE degree attainment
Number of persons with degrees
HIGHLY SKILLED occupations (outperform whites)
However, in California: (California Educator continued)
40% of HMONG, 38% LAOTIAN, 35% CAMBODIAN don’t complete high school because of poverty
In most Asian countries, there is:
Great _______ for teachers
Heavy reliance on ____ learning, __________
Teachers are very ___________
Class is formal; teachers lecture
Teachers don’t _____ mistakes
In most Asian countries, there is:
Great RESPECT for teachers
Heavy reliance on ROTE learning, MEMORIZATION
Teachers are very AUTHORITARIAN
Class is formal; teachers lecture
Teachers don’t ADMIT mistakes
Differences–Asian and American Schools (Stevenson; compared Beijing & Chicago)
Long days, but lots of ______ in Asian schools
3x more American than Asian mothers “____ _______” w/ their ch’s progress
U.S. ch ranked themselves much _____ than Chinese Ch, even though Chinese children ahead academically in all subjects
Differences–Asian and American Schools (Stevenson; compared Beijing & Chicago)
Long days, but lots of RECESS (in Asian schools)
3x more American than Asian mothers “VERY SATISFIED” w/ their ch’s progress
U.S. ch ranked themselves much HIGHER than Chinese Ch, even though Chinese Ch ahead academically in all subjects
When asked what they’d wish for:
American ch: ______ and _______ objects; decrease 10% expressed wishes about ________
Almost __% of Chinese ch focused wishes on ______
Confucian beliefs- individual differences in ability __-__________
______ and diligence are supreme
When asked what they’d wish for:
American ch: MONEY and MATERIAL objects; decrease 10% expressed wishes about EDUCATION
Almost 70% of Chinese ch focused wishes on COLLEGE
Confucian beliefs- individual differences in ability DE-EMPHASIZED
EFFORT and diligence are supreme
Abboud & Kim
Role of Asian children in families: 1) respect _____ and obey ______, 2) work hard and do well in ______ to secure a bright _______
Many Asian parents work hard all day and morph into _________ at night—that is their role
Asian parents put _________ first, while other parents often put _____/________ first; kids are too tired to _____
Many Asian parents are _______ of after school clubs and ____________ activities
Help increase awareness
Abboud & Kim
Role of Asian children in families: 1) respect ELDERS and obey PARENTS, 2) work hard and do well in SCHOOL to secure a bright FUTURE
Many Asian parents work hard all day and morph into EDUCATORS at night—that is their role
Asian parents put ACADEMICS first, while other parents often put SPORTS/ATHLETICS first; kids are too tired to STUDY
Many Asian parents are UNAWARE of after school clubs and EXTRACURRICULAR activities
Help increase awareness
Linguistically…
Some countries are ___________
E.g. Laos-Lao; Japan—Japanese
However in some countries, many languages
Linguistically…
Some countries are MONOLINGUAL
E.g. Laos-Lao; Japan—Japanese
However in some countries, many languages
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS
We may need to address the _______ first because the ___ is subordinate
It may be disgraceful for the family to _____ to or discuss a child’s _______; entire family lineage disgraced—intervention may be ________
Some families do not believe that it is important to ____ with young children and babies; may not be open to ______ __________
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS
We may need to address the HUSBAND first because the WIFE is subordinate
It may be disgraceful for the family to ADMIT to or discuss a child’s DISABILITY; entire family lineage disgraced—intervention may be REJECTED
Some families do not believe that it is important to TALK with young children and babies; may not be open to EARLY INTERVENTION
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS (cont)
Teach Asian ch “_____” and “______” rules for talking
Analyze _________ lang skills by evaluating ______, not speaking (quiet in class)
Some families dislike “_____” format of tx—prefer structured ____ activities
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS (cont)
Teach Asian ch “HOME” and “SCHOOL” rules for talking
Analyze EXPRESSIVE lang skills by evaluating WRITING, not speaking (quiet in class)
Some families dislike “GAME” format of tx—prefer structured DRILL activities
To, Stokes, Cheung, & T’sou (Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research) Narrative assessment for Cantonese-speaking children
________ skills strong _______ of later language outcomes
This study attempted to create some norms for _________ narrative skills of Cantonese-speaking children
Studied ________-developing subjects and those with specific language impairment (SLI)
To, Stokes, Cheung, & T’sou (Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research) Narrative assessment for Cantonese-speaking children
NARRATIVE skills strong PREDICTORS of later language outcomes
This study attempted to create some norms for EVALUATING narrative skills of Cantonese-speaking children
Studied TYPICALLY-developing subjects and those with specific language impairment (SLI)
The researchers found that:
Narrative assessment can be ______ and ______ standardized for use with Cantonese-speaking (CS) children
CS ch with ___: great difficulty using appropriate _______ complexity when telling stories in Cantonese
The researchers found that:
Narrative assessment can be RELIABLY and VALIDLY standardized for use with Cantonese-speaking (CS) children
CS ch with SLI: great difficulty using appropriate SYNTACTIC complexity when telling stories in Cantonese
These children also…
Showed ______ ability to present as many ideas
Used _________ terms (e.g. “The girl did the leg of the cat” rather than “The girl bandaged the leg of the cat”)
So we know that…
Assessment of children’s _______ skills is very promising, increasingly differentiating lang. difference from __
These children also…
Showed LIMITED ability to present as many ideas
Used NONSPECIFIC terms (e.g. “The girl did the leg of the cat” rather than “The girl bandaged the leg of the cat”)
So we know that…
Assessment of children’s NARRATIVE skills is very promising, increasingly differentiating lang. difference from LI
