Ascites Flashcards
what is ascites
collection of fluid n the abdominal cavity
two examinations to check for it
shifting dullness and fluid thrill
tests to confirm ascites
ultrasound ascitic tap (paracentesis)
presentation of ascites
large distended abdomen with nodular belly button spider naevi palmar erythema gynaecomastia elevated JVP flank haematoma
what about an ascitic fluid sample is studied
protein and albumin
cell count
SAAG (serum-ascites albumin gradient)
what is SAAG
a serum ascites albumin gradient = serum albumin - ascitic albumin
what does a SAAG >1.1g/dL mean
high albumin gradient - likely caused by cirrhosis, cardiac failure or liver metastases
what is a SAAG <1.1g/dL likely caused by
malignancy or tuberculosis
treatment for ascites
drain, diuretics (spironolactone), TIPShunt, liver transplant to treat underlying
restriction of what electrolyte in diet can reduce ascites
sodium
major cause of ascites
75% of ascites have cirrhosis
5 other causes of ascites
heart failure malignancy nephrotic syndrome tuberculosis pancreatitis
