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Anatomy and Physiology One > Articulations (Exam 2: Part Two) > Flashcards

Articulations (Exam 2: Part Two) Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation/Joint

A

Site where two or more bones meet, weakest part of skeleton

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2
Q

Functions of Joints

A

Gives skeleton mobility, holds bones together

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3
Q

The three structural classifications of joints

A

Fibrous, Cartilagenous joints, synovial joints

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4
Q

Three subcategories of fibrous

A

Sutures, gomphosis, syndesmosis

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5
Q

Three types of sutures

A

Serrate, plane, lap

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6
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable fibrous joints binding bones together (3 types)

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7
Q

Serrate

A

Interlocking lines

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8
Q

Plane

A

Straight, non overlapping lines

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9
Q

Lap

A

Overlapping beveled edges

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10
Q

Gomphosis

A

Attachment of teeth to socket, held by fibrous periodontal ligament(collagen fibers) that allow some movement while chewing

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11
Q

Syndesmosis

A

(most mobile fibrous joint) Two bones bound by ligament only(interosseous membrane)

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12
Q

Three Functional classifications of joints

A

Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis

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13
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable aka synovial

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14
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable (fibrous or cartialgenous)

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15
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable (fibrous or cartialgenous)

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16
Q

Tendons attach…

A

muscle to bone

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17
Q

Ligaments attach…

A

bone to bone, tendon to bone

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18
Q

Two kinds of cartilagenous joints

A

Synchondrosis, symphysis

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19
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage (rib to sternum, epiphyseal plate)

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20
Q

Symphysis

A

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, meniscus, and intervertebral discs) slight movement possible

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21
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joints separated by fluid containing joint cavity, all are diarthroses

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22
Q

Components of synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage, synovial/joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, bursae/menisci/fat pads/tendon sheath

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23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Slippery fluid that feeds cartilages

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24
Q

Articular capsule

A

encloses joint cavity, continuous with periosteum, lined by synovial membrane

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25
Q

Articular discs and menisci

A

absorbs shock, guides bone movements and distributes forces (jaw/wrist/knee joint/sternoclavicular)

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26
Q

Articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces

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27
Q

Bursae

A

flattened, fibrous sacs w/ synovial membranes containing synovial fluid

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28
Q

Tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa/cylinders of connective tissue that wrap completely around a tendon

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29
Q

Ligament

A

attaches bone to bone, Dense connective tissue, collagen fibers run parallel

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30
Q

Tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

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31
Q

Collateral ligament

A

Ligaments on the sides of the synovial joints

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32
Q

What determines joint stability?

A

Articular surface shapes, ligaments, and muscle tone

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33
Q

Define range of motion

A

degrees through which a joint can move

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34
Q

What determines range of motion available to a joint?

A

Structure of articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments, tendon and capsule, and action of muscles and tendons

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35
Q

Define origin

A

attachment to immovable bone

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36
Q

Define insertion

A

attachment to the moveable bone

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37
Q

Examples of ball and socket joints

A

acetabulum and femur to form hip, glenoid fossa to head of humerus to form shoulder joint

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38
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Can go any direction, smooth hemisperical head into cuplike depression. (MOST movable joint)

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39
Q

Condyloid/Ellipsoidal joint

A

Oval convex surface fits into similarly shaped depression on next

40
Q

Examples of condyloid/ellipsoidal joints

A

Radiocarpal joint of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints at base of fingers

41
Q

Saddle joint

A

One bone socket is shaped like a saddle, other is horseback (convex/concave)

42
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Trapeziometacarpal at the base of thumb

43
Q

Plane/gliding joint

A

when two flat bones come together and slide across each other

44
Q

Examples of plane/gliding joint

A

Ankle, wrist, ribs 2-7

45
Q

Hinge joints

A

Like a door hinge, convex fits into concave depression

46
Q

Examples of hinge joints

A

Ulna and humerus at elbow, femur and tibia at knee joint

47
Q

Pivot joint

A

One bone has projection that fits into ringlike ligament of another

48
Q

Example of pivot joint

A

atlas(dens) and axis vertebrae [atlantoaxial joint], radioulnar joint during pronation/supination

49
Q

zero position

A

anatomical position, hands in supine position

50
Q

Plantarflexion

A

ballerina, toes downward

51
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

toes point upward

52
Q

Inversion

A

feet facing toward each other

53
Q

Eversion

A

feet face outwards

54
Q

Protraction

A

pushing mandible forward

55
Q

Retraction

A

pulling mandible back

56
Q

Lateral excursion

A

mandible goes away from the midline

57
Q

medial excursion

A

movement of the mandible back to the midline

58
Q

Rotation

A

Turning a limb on its axis

59
Q

Circumduction

A

one end of a limb stays in place while the other moves in a circular motion

60
Q

Humeroscapular/glenohumeral joint

A

shoulder joint, most diarthrotic joint in body, ball and socket, 4 bursae, rotator cuff supports, multiple ligaments and tendons (deepened by glenoid LABRIUM)

61
Q

Humeroulnar/humeroradial joint

A

Elbow joint, pivot and hinge joints involved

62
Q

Radioulnar

A

Pivot joint, allows pronation and supination. annular ligament encircles the radial head

63
Q

Coxal joint

A

Acetabulum and femur, ball and socket, ligaments named by connecting bones, deeper socket by acetabular labrium, blood supply to femur in ligament of head

64
Q

Most complex diarthrotic joint is….

A

Knee joint

65
Q

Knee joint

A

Patellofemoral (gliding/plane), tibiofemoral (glidin/plate w slight rotation in flexed position) ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL, menisci

66
Q

ACL

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

67
Q

MCL

A

Medial collateral ligament or femorotibial collateral ligament

68
Q

LCL

A

Lateral collateral ligament or femorofibular collateral ligament

69
Q

PCL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

70
Q

Fibula is always… (medial or lateral) ?

A

Lateral

71
Q

Tibia is always…. (medial or lateral)?

A

Medial

72
Q

Patella is located…

A

Under the patellar tendon

73
Q

Meniscus is where and does what?

A

Medial and lateral, absorb shock and shape joint

74
Q

Sprain

A

General term for any injury to a joint (tendon/ligament) whether it be stretched or torn

75
Q

What is the acronym and meaning for the solution to a sprain?

A

RICE (Rest, ice, compression, and elevation)

76
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of tissues, excess fluid in tissues

77
Q

What happens in an ACL tear?

A

bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight and tear the ligament

78
Q

A lateral blow to the knee would injure how…?

A

Hurts the medial meniscus, the ACL, and the medial collateral ligament

79
Q

Arthroscopy

A

camera is used to look within a joint

80
Q

Dislocation

A

Bones are forced out of alignment caused by falls accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization

81
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

82
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa caused by blow or friction. may be aspirated

83
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath caused by overuse.

84
Q

Arthritis

A

broad term for pain and inflammation of joints (acute or chronic)
Acute from bacterial infection,
Chronic from aging or dna ex. osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis

85
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

(OA) “Wear and tear” disease, articular cartilage softens and degenerates accompanied by crepitus. (can develop from trauma/injury)

86
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

(RA) autoimmune attack on joint(s), idiopathic in nature, can be tested for with an RF test. Pannus formation

87
Q

Pannus formation

A

occurs in RA, dead cells group together

88
Q

Gout arthritis

A

deposition/accumulation of uric acid (crystals) in joints and soft tissues followed by inflammation response [bones can fuse and immobilize] often great toe

89
Q

Scolioses

A

Lateral abnormal curvature of the spine

90
Q

Kyphosis

A

“Roundback” (hunchback) from osteoporosis

91
Q

Lordosis

A

“Swayback” often in pregnant women, excessive lumbar curvature from weak ab muscles

92
Q

What are the fontanels?

A

Sphenoid, mastoid, anterior and posterior fontanels

93
Q

When does the skull reach adult size?

A

By eight or nine years of age

94
Q

What’s the difference between female and male pelvis?

A

Female- inlet is oval and larger, pubic arch is much wider

Male- inlet looks like a heart

95
Q

What’s helpful in treating arthritis and its pain?

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), steroids, hormones

Anatomy and Physiology One (11 decks)

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