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Anatomy and Physiology One > Articulations (Exam 2: Part Two) > Flashcards

Articulations (Exam 2: Part Two) Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation/Joint

A

Site where two or more bones meet, weakest part of skeleton

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2
Q

Functions of Joints

A

Gives skeleton mobility, holds bones together

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3
Q

The three structural classifications of joints

A

Fibrous, Cartilagenous joints, synovial joints

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4
Q

Three subcategories of fibrous

A

Sutures, gomphosis, syndesmosis

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5
Q

Three types of sutures

A

Serrate, plane, lap

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6
Q

Sutures

A

Immovable fibrous joints binding bones together (3 types)

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7
Q

Serrate

A

Interlocking lines

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8
Q

Plane

A

Straight, non overlapping lines

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9
Q

Lap

A

Overlapping beveled edges

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10
Q

Gomphosis

A

Attachment of teeth to socket, held by fibrous periodontal ligament(collagen fibers) that allow some movement while chewing

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11
Q

Syndesmosis

A

(most mobile fibrous joint) Two bones bound by ligament only(interosseous membrane)

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12
Q

Three Functional classifications of joints

A

Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis

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13
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable aka synovial

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14
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable (fibrous or cartialgenous)

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15
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable (fibrous or cartialgenous)

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16
Q

Tendons attach…

A

muscle to bone

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17
Q

Ligaments attach…

A

bone to bone, tendon to bone

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18
Q

Two kinds of cartilagenous joints

A

Synchondrosis, symphysis

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19
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage (rib to sternum, epiphyseal plate)

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20
Q

Symphysis

A

Two bones joined by fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, meniscus, and intervertebral discs) slight movement possible

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21
Q

Synovial joints

A

Joints separated by fluid containing joint cavity, all are diarthroses

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22
Q

Components of synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage, synovial/joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, bursae/menisci/fat pads/tendon sheath

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23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Slippery fluid that feeds cartilages

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24
Q

Articular capsule

A

encloses joint cavity, continuous with periosteum, lined by synovial membrane

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25
Articular discs and menisci
absorbs shock, guides bone movements and distributes forces (jaw/wrist/knee joint/sternoclavicular)
26
Articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces
27
Bursae
flattened, fibrous sacs w/ synovial membranes containing synovial fluid
28
Tendon sheath
elongated bursa/cylinders of connective tissue that wrap completely around a tendon
29
Ligament
attaches bone to bone, Dense connective tissue, collagen fibers run parallel
30
Tendon
attaches muscle to bone
31
Collateral ligament
Ligaments on the sides of the synovial joints
32
What determines joint stability?
Articular surface shapes, ligaments, and muscle tone
33
Define range of motion
degrees through which a joint can move
34
What determines range of motion available to a joint?
Structure of articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments, tendon and capsule, and action of muscles and tendons
35
Define origin
attachment to immovable bone
36
Define insertion
attachment to the moveable bone
37
Examples of ball and socket joints
acetabulum and femur to form hip, glenoid fossa to head of humerus to form shoulder joint
38
Ball and socket joint
Can go any direction, smooth hemisperical head into cuplike depression. (MOST movable joint)
39
Condyloid/Ellipsoidal joint
Oval convex surface fits into similarly shaped depression on next
40
Examples of condyloid/ellipsoidal joints
Radiocarpal joint of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints at base of fingers
41
Saddle joint
One bone socket is shaped like a saddle, other is horseback (convex/concave)
42
Example of saddle joint
Trapeziometacarpal at the base of thumb
43
Plane/gliding joint
when two flat bones come together and slide across each other
44
Examples of plane/gliding joint
Ankle, wrist, ribs 2-7
45
Hinge joints
Like a door hinge, convex fits into concave depression
46
Examples of hinge joints
Ulna and humerus at elbow, femur and tibia at knee joint
47
Pivot joint
One bone has projection that fits into ringlike ligament of another
48
Example of pivot joint
atlas(dens) and axis vertebrae [atlantoaxial joint], radioulnar joint during pronation/supination
49
zero position
anatomical position, hands in supine position
50
Plantarflexion
ballerina, toes downward
51
Dorsiflexion
toes point upward
52
Inversion
feet facing toward each other
53
Eversion
feet face outwards
54
Protraction
pushing mandible forward
55
Retraction
pulling mandible back
56
Lateral excursion
mandible goes away from the midline
57
medial excursion
movement of the mandible back to the midline
58
Rotation
Turning a limb on its axis
59
Circumduction
one end of a limb stays in place while the other moves in a circular motion
60
Humeroscapular/glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint, most diarthrotic joint in body, ball and socket, 4 bursae, rotator cuff supports, multiple ligaments and tendons (deepened by glenoid LABRIUM)
61
Humeroulnar/humeroradial joint
Elbow joint, pivot and hinge joints involved
62
Radioulnar
Pivot joint, allows pronation and supination. annular ligament encircles the radial head
63
Coxal joint
Acetabulum and femur, ball and socket, ligaments named by connecting bones, deeper socket by acetabular labrium, blood supply to femur in ligament of head
64
Most complex diarthrotic joint is....
Knee joint
65
Knee joint
Patellofemoral (gliding/plane), tibiofemoral (glidin/plate w slight rotation in flexed position) ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL, menisci
66
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament
67
MCL
Medial collateral ligament or femorotibial collateral ligament
68
LCL
Lateral collateral ligament or femorofibular collateral ligament
69
PCL
Posterior cruciate ligament
70
Fibula is always... (medial or lateral) ?
Lateral
71
Tibia is always.... (medial or lateral)?
Medial
72
Patella is located...
Under the patellar tendon
73
Meniscus is where and does what?
Medial and lateral, absorb shock and shape joint
74
Sprain
General term for any injury to a joint (tendon/ligament) whether it be stretched or torn
75
What is the acronym and meaning for the solution to a sprain?
RICE (Rest, ice, compression, and elevation)
76
Edema
Swelling of tissues, excess fluid in tissues
77
What happens in an ACL tear?
bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight and tear the ligament
78
A lateral blow to the knee would injure how...?
Hurts the medial meniscus, the ACL, and the medial collateral ligament
79
Arthroscopy
camera is used to look within a joint
80
Dislocation
Bones are forced out of alignment caused by falls accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization
81
Subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
82
Bursitis
inflammation of the bursa caused by blow or friction. may be aspirated
83
Tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon sheath caused by overuse.
84
Arthritis
broad term for pain and inflammation of joints (acute or chronic) Acute from bacterial infection, Chronic from aging or dna ex. osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis
85
Osteoarthritis
(OA) "Wear and tear" disease, articular cartilage softens and degenerates accompanied by crepitus. (can develop from trauma/injury)
86
Rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) autoimmune attack on joint(s), idiopathic in nature, can be tested for with an RF test. **Pannus formation**
87
Pannus formation
occurs in RA, dead cells group together
88
Gout arthritis
deposition/accumulation of uric acid (crystals) in joints and soft tissues followed by inflammation response [bones can fuse and immobilize] often great toe
89
Scolioses
Lateral abnormal curvature of the spine
90
Kyphosis
"Roundback" (hunchback) from osteoporosis
91
Lordosis
"Swayback" often in pregnant women, excessive lumbar curvature from weak ab muscles
92
What are the fontanels?
Sphenoid, mastoid, anterior and posterior fontanels
93
When does the skull reach adult size?
By eight or nine years of age
94
What's the difference between female and male pelvis?
Female- inlet is oval and larger, pubic arch is much wider | Male- inlet looks like a heart
95
What's helpful in treating arthritis and its pain?
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), steroids, hormones

Anatomy and Physiology One (11 decks)

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