Articulations Flashcards
Functional classifications of articulations
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
Structural classifications of articulations
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Fibrous
Dense regular holds together.
Suture, Syndesmosis (longer fibers, filaments), Gomphosis (pegs held in sockets, teeth)
Cartilaginous
Synchondrosis-hyaline cartilage (some replaced by bone)
Symphysis-Fibrocartilage (restricted movement, shock absorption)
Synovial
most common joint
has joint cavity
lined with synovial membrane
Types of synovial joints
Plane (gliding), hinge, pivot, condyloid (ellipsoid), saddle, ball/socket
Classifications of types of movement by axis
non-axial=plane
uniaxial (move in one plane) l=hinge and pivot
biaxial (move in two perpendicular planes) =condylar/saddle
multiaxial (move in all 3 planes) = ball and socket
Angular
Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction of the appendages
Flexion
Decreases bone angle
Extension
Increases bone angle
Abduction
Away from midline
Adduction
Towards the midline
Circular
rotation (medial, lateral, upward, downward), pronation, supination, circumduction
Medial rotation
Anterior rotates towards midline
Lateral rotation
Anterior rotates away from the midline
Upward rotation
Scapula, lateral edge rotates up
Downward rotation
Scapula, lateral edge rotates down
Pronation
Forearm, rotation of palm to face down
Supination
Forearm, rotation of palm to face up
Circumduction
Outlining a cone
Special movements
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
Elevation
Lifting a part superior
Depression
Lowering a part inferiorly
Protraction
Moving a part anteriorly
Retraction
Moving a part posteriorly
Opposition
Action of thumb and other finger brought together
Reposition
Action of thumb and other finger brought back to original position
Inversion
Foot
Plantar turned medially
Eversion
Foot
Plantar turned laterally
