Articulation

Question 1

What is an articulatory disorder

Answer 1

Problems with making speech sounds

Such as a lisp
Articulation - making sounds

Question 2

Give examples of articulatory disorders

SODA

Answer 2

Diff forming speech sounds

The ACRONYM - SODA

Substitution - substitute a sound e.g. teeth - test
Omission - a sound they can’t make a left out -r = ed
Distortion - sound not left out or omitted but doesn’t sound right
Addition - adding an extra sound glue - galue (epenthesis?)- insertion of a sound or letter within a word, e.g. the b in thimble.

Question 3

How can AD occur?

Answer 3

From hearing difficulties OME?
Cleft lip and palate
Abnormal structured of the articulators
Faulty learning - see stackhouse and wells
Neurological damage - dysarthria - motoric ( muscles)

AOS - programming

Articulation Disorders may result from abnormal structures of the articulators, faulty learning(no physical/anatomical reason), due to a hearing loss, or due to neurological damage(problems with the nervous system).

Question 4

When learning..

Answer 4

It is soo much igniting to learn to improve you and not to rote learn!

To improve you to help you, your knowledge and others

Question 5

What are the 4 main causes of AD?

Answer 5

1. Faulty learning is the #1 reason in children.
2. Hearing loss causes trouble with consonants and vowels in severe cases.
3. Structural differences such as cleft palate or poor dentation(misalignment of teeth or poor shape of dental arc).
4. Neurological-Cerebral Palsy results in tight muscles that may cause a delay in articulation and poor coordination.

Question 6

What are the 4 main causes of AD in adults?

Answer 6

Main Causes in Adults

1. Poor learning. This is usually corrected by adulthood but not always.
2. Hearing loss makes it harder for adults to monitor their own speech.
3. Changes in anatomy and oral structures such as a glosectimy(removal of pieces of the tongue) or car accidents that cause facial fractures, or tumors in the mouth that may or may not have been removed.
4. Neurological-Stroke may cause paralysis of the tongue and face or cranial nerves. Also Multiple Sclerosis or an Aneurism can cause damage.

Question 7

Give some examples of SODA

Answer 7

Leaving off sounds from words (example: saying “coo” instead of “school”)

Adding sounds to words (example: saying “puhlay” instead of “play”)

Distorting sounds in words (example: saying “thith” instead of “this”)

Swapping sounds in words (example: saying “wadio” instead of “radio”)

Question 8

What are phonetic anomalies?

Answer 8

Difficulty in producing speech sound - hence phonetic

IPA

Question 9

Can Phonetic Anomalies affect

Phonological processing?

Answer 9

Yes

Child who has difficulty making speech sounds may adopt backing for example.

If they are unable to produce plosives P T B D, they make then try to produce these sounds at the back.

Velar plosives.

Backing is atypical and disordered.

Why does the child do this?
We know with bilabial and alveolar plosives, tongue raises to articulatory point, pressure is built behind - sound obstructed. Child may attempt to do this at the back! Hence backing

Question 10

What is hypernasal ?

Hyponasal?

Answer 10

?

Question 11

What is MLU

Answer 11

Utterance

Question 12

Why would you expect language delay in children who have articulatory disorder?

Answer 12

• 1. May have spent time in hospital and therefore miss out on learning. Affects language development (medical complications)
     
     2. May have hearing difficultly affecting learning - Impaired speech disorder and hearing affects language acquisition
     3. Possible intellectual disability affecting Lang acquisition?

Question 13

What areas does Hearing Loss affect?

Answer 13

Vocabulary

Develops more slowly
Can learn concentrate words like jump, run, ball, grass before abstract words like education, equal, jealous
Have difficulty with function words like a, are and a

Children with hearing loss do not catch up without intervention.

Question 14

What areas does Hearing loss affect?

Answer 14

Sentence structure

Produce shorter simple sentences
Diff understanding and writing complex sentences

relative clauses - The teacher whom I have for math was sick today
passive voice - The ball was thrown by Mary

Unable to comprehend with morphology such as word ending -s plurals -ed past tense

Question 15

What does hearing loss affect

Answer 15

Speaking

May not be able to hear voices sound and do not include them in speech

As such speech may be difficult to understand.

Children with hearing loss may not hear their own voices when they speak. Unable to self-monitor

They may have a speaking pitch that is too high.

Question 16

What is the impact of hearing loss?

Answer 16

Academic achievement:

Children with hearing loss have difficulty with all areas of academic achievement, especially reading and mathematical concepts.
Children with mild to moderate hearing losses, on average, achieve one to four grade levels lower than their peers with normal hearing, unless appropriate management occurs.
Children with severe to profound hearing loss usually achieve skills no higher than the third- or fourth-grade level, unless appropriate educational intervention occurs early.
The gap in academic achievement between children with normal hearing and those with hearing loss usually widens as they progress through school.
The level of achievement is related to parental involvement and the quantity, quality, and timing of the support services children receive.
Social functioning
Children with severe to profound hearing losses often report feeling isolated, without friends, and unhappy in school, particularly when their socialization with other children with hearing loss is limited.
These social problems appear to be more frequent in children with a mild or moderate hearing losses than in those with a severe to profound loss

Question 17

What is the difference between articulation and phonological disorder

Answer 17

Child may have difficulties producing speech sounds - see SODA

Phonological disorder- child can produce the speech sounds but have difficult with producing them in the right place (using sound in right place)

Question 18

What does phonemic awareness mean

Answer 18

Phonemic - phonemes - phonological

• the understanding of sounds

Question 19

What is the difference between phoneme graphemes phonetics ?!

Answer 19

Add

Question 20

When assessing child articulation look at the phonotactic structure:

Articulation assessment

Answer 20

Such as CCVCC

does this relate to the word you have conveyed to them?

It is the way syllables can be created in a language