article # 2: Senzaki et al.

Question 1

purpose of study

Answer 1

to see if changing how the task of paying attention is performed, particularly by adding a narrative element, impacts whether culture influences attention

Question 2

research q

Answer 2

Does the inclusion of narrative play a part in culture’s impact on attention?

Question 3

study 1 method

Answer 3

• Participants were placed in the chin and forehead rest 15 inches from the monitor, and given a 5-point calibration task (Senzaki et al., 2014). The participants were then shown 8 videos of fish moving around a background on the monitor
• shown 8 videos of fish moving around a background on the monitor
• eye tracker measured the time the participants spent looking and where, specifically, if the participants looked more at the fish or the background
• participants were told only to watch the videos

Question 4

study 1 independent variable

Answer 4

The independent variable was the culture of the participants (Japanese or European Canadian)

Question 5

study 1 dependent variable

Answer 5

And the dependent variable was attention (how long they looked and at what

Question 6

study 1 hypothesis

Answer 6

the Japanese and European-Canadian participants would both focus on the moving objects (the fish) more than the background

Question 7

study 1 results

Answer 7

The results of the first study supported the hypothesis. Both the Japanese and European Canadian participants’ eyes tracked the moving fish more than the background
- meaning in this study, culture did not factor into what the participants paid attention to

Question 8

study 2 method

Answer 8

• Participants were asked, “After the end of the video, please describe it in as much detail as possible for one full minute”
• The second study’s procedure was the same as the first, until the participants gave their narratives

Question 9

study 2 independent variable

Answer 9

The independent variable was the participants’ culture (Japanese or European Canadian)

Question 10

study 2 dependent variables

Answer 10

dependent variable was attention, measured via eye movements and narrative

Question 11

study 2 hypothesis

Answer 11

the hypothesis was that making a narrative would increase the effect of culture on attention
- japanese would pay attention to background more

Question 12

study 2 results

Answer 12

The European Canadian participants visually focused more on the moving fish, and the Japanese participants on the background,
- which was consistent with the hypothesis that making a narrative would increase the effect of culture on attention
- the European Canadians spoke more about the fish and mentioned the fish before the background, while the Japanese participants spoke more about the background and mentioned the background before the fish

Question 13

implications

Answer 13

This may be the first study that specified that the influence of culture on attention depends on whether a narrative aspect is present