Arthrology Flashcards
1
Q
Glenohumeral joint
A
- formed by the convex head of the humerus and the concave glenoid fossa of the scapula.
- the GHJ is a ball and socket synovial joint with three degrees of freedom.
- the relatively small articular surface of the glenoid fossa in relation to the size of the humeral head, makes the GHJ inherently unstable
2
Q
GHJ loose pack
A
55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction
3
Q
GHJ close pack
A
- abduction and lateral rotation
4
Q
GHJ capsular pattern
A
- ER, abduction, IR
5
Q
Sternoclavicular joint
A
- formed by the medial end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. The joint is a saddle-shaped synovial joint with three degrees of freedom. A fibrocartilaginous disc between the manubrium and clavicle enhances the stability of the joint. the disc acts as a shock absorber and serves as the axis for clavicular rotation
6
Q
SC joint open pack
A
arm resting by the side
7
Q
SC joint close pack
A
maximum shoulder elevation
8
Q
SC joint capsular pattern
A
-pain at extremes of range of movement
9
Q
Acromioclavicular joint
A
- formed by the acromion process of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle. The joint is a plane synovial joint with three degrees of freedom
- The AC joint functions to maintain the relationship between the scapula and clavicle during glenohumeral ROM
10
Q
AC joint open pack
A
arm resting by the side
11
Q
AC joint close pack
A
arm abducted to 90 degrees
12
Q
AC joint capsular pattern
A
- pain at extremes of ROM
13
Q
Scapulothoracic Articulation
A
- formed by the body of the scapula and the muscles covering the posterior chest wall. Motion consists of sliding of the scapula on the thorax. The articulation is not a true Anatomical joint because it lacks the necessary synovial joint characteristics
14
Q
Radiohumeral joint
A
- proximal joint surface of the radiohumeral joint is the ball-shaped capitulum of the distal humerus
- The distal joint surface is the concave head of the radius
15
Q
Radiohumeral joint open pack
A
full extension , supination
16
Q
Radiohumeral close pack
A
90 deg flexion, 5 degree supination
17
Q
Radiohumeral capsular pattern
A
flexion, extension, supination, pronation
18
Q
Ulnohumeral Joint
A
formed by the hourglass-shaped trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
19
Q
Ulnohumeral Joint open pack
A
- 70 degrees elbow flexion, 10 degrees supination
20
Q
Ulnohumeral close pack
A
- extension
21
Q
Ulnohumeral capsular pattern
A
- flexion, extension
22
Q
Proximal Radioulnar JOint
A
- consists of the concave radial notch of the Ulna and the convex rim of the radial head
23
Q
Proximal Radioulnar Joint open pack
A
- 70 degrees elbow flexion, 35 degrees supination
24
Q
Proximal Radioulnar Joint capsular pattern
A
-supination, pronation
25
Radiocarpal Joint
- The proximal joint surface of the radiocarpal joint is formed by the distal radius and the radioulnar articular disc, which connects the medial aspect of the distal radius to the distal ulna.
- The distal joint surface is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum. The radiocarpal joint has two degrees of freedom. It is encased in a strong capsule reinforced by numerous ligament shared with the midcarpal joint
26
Radiocarpal Joint open pack
- neutral with slight ulnar deviation
27
Radiocarpal joint close pack
- extension with radial deviation
28
radiocarpal joint capsular pattern
- flexion and extension equally limited
29
Midcarpal Joint
- Motion of teh wrist results in complex motion between the proximal and distal row of carpals with the exception of the pisiform.
- The joint surfaces are reciprocally convex and concave
30
Hip Joint
- a synovial joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum.
- the hip is classified as a ball and socket joint with three degrees of freedom
31
Hip open pack
- 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction and slight ER
32
Hip close pack
- full extension , IR
33
Hip capsular pattern
- flexion, abduction, IR
34
Tibiofemoral Joint
-formed by the convex medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur. The distal joint surface is formed by the concave medial and lateral condyles of the proximal tibia
35
Tiobiofemoral open pack
- 25 degrees flexion
36
Tibiofemoral close pack
- full extension, ER of tibia
37
tibiofemoral joint capsular pattern
- flexion,, extension
38
patellofemoral joint
- formed by the convex patella and the concave trochlear groove of the femur.
- the patella slides superiorly in knee extension and inferiorly in knee flexion. Patella rotation and tilting also occur during knee extension and flexion
39
Distal tibiofibular joint
- formed by a fibrous union between the lateral aspect of the distal tibia and the distal fibula
40
talocrural joint
- formed by the articulations of the distal tibia, talus and fibula. The joint is a synovial hinge joint with one degree of freedom. the talocrural joint offers significant stability in DF, however, it becomes much more mobile with PF
41
Talocrural open pack
-10 degrees PF, midway between maximum inversion and eversion
42
talocrural close pack
- max DF
43
talocrural capsular pattern
- PF, DF
44
subtalar joint
- formed by three articulations between the talus and the calcaneus.
-the joint has one degree of freedom.
the anterior and middle articulations are formed by two convex facets on the talus and two convex facet on the body of the calcaneus
45
subtalar joint open pack
- midway between extremes of ROM
46
subtalar close pack
- supination
47
subtalar capsular pattern
- limitation of varus ROM
48
midtarsal Joint
- formed by the talocalcaneonavicular joint and teh calcaneocuboid joint.
- The joint is considered to have two axes, one longitudinal and one oblique.
- Motions around both axes are triplanar
49
midtarsal open pack
- midway between extremes of ROM
50
midtarsal close pack
- supination
51
midtarsal capsualr pattern
- DF, PF, adduction , IR
52
Atlanto -occipital Joint
- is a condylar synovial joint that permits flexion and extension of the cranium.
- this motion is often noted when nodding the head to say "yes"
53
atlantoaxial joint
- plane synovial joints that permit flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the c/S.
- the majority of rotation of the skull on the spinal column occurs at the AO joints
54
intervertebral joints
- formed by the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral bodies and the associated intervertebral disks
55
Zygapophyseal Joint
- formed by the right and left superior articular facets of one vertebra and the right and left inferior articular facets of an adjacent superior vertebra
56
cervical spine open pack
- midway between flexion and extension
57
cervical spine close pack
- extension
58
cervical spine capsular pattern
- lateral flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
59
thoracolumbar SPine
conists of 12 veterbrae with long prominent spinous processes. The first ten thoracic vertebrae have articular facets on each transverse process where the ribs articulate. lumbar spine consists of 5 vertebrae that provide the primary stability for the low back
60
intervertebral joint
- formed by the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral bodies and teh associated intervertebral disks
61
zygapophyseal joints
-formed by the right and left superior articular facets of one vertebra and the right and left inferior articular facets of an adjacent superior vetebra
62
thoracolumbar open pack
- midway between flexion and extension
63
thoracolumbar close pack
- extension
64
thoracolumbar capsular pattern
- lateral flexion and rotation equally limited extension
65
what can cause a empty abnormal end feel?
- Joint inflammation
- Fracture
- Bursitis
66
What can cause a firm abnormal end-feel?
- -increased tone
- tightening of the capsule
- ligament shortening
67
What can cause a hard abnormal end-feel?
- fracture
- OA
- osteophyte formation
68
What can cause a soft abnormal end-feel?
- edema
- synovitis
- ligament instability/ tear
