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A. White- Human Physiology > Arterial venous Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Arterial venous Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 of the four characteristics of the capillary wall

A
  1. They have a unicellular layer of endothelial cells
  2. they have a thin basement membrane
  3. total wall thickness= 0.5 um
  4. internal capillary diameter = 4-9 um
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2
Q

You could _________ cardiac output by causing less distensibility in the _________ system via the _________ nervous system

A

increase, venous, sympathetic

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3
Q

Is there a difference in distensibility between the systemic veins and pulmonary veins?

A

No, pulmonary vein distensibilities are about the same as for sytemic veins

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4
Q

How would you, using ang equation,defin vascular distensibility?

A

Vascular distensibility = increase in volume / (increase in pressure X original volume)

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of capillary plasmalemmal vesicles ?

A
  • they are formed from caveolins
  • they play a role in endocytosis ands transcytosis
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6
Q

The most important means for the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid?

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

Mean arterial pressure is the average arterial pressure with respect to time

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8
Q

Although rare, small _______ of free fluid do form in the interstitium?

A

Rivulets

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9
Q

What information is vascular complaince does relay?

A

The total quantity of blood (ml) that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mm Hg rise in pressure

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10
Q

What types of substances have to diffuse through the intercellular pores/ clefts of capillaries?

A

Non-lipid-soluble substances

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11
Q

The greater the stroke volume, the ________ the pulse pressure?

A

greater

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12
Q

How does atheroclerosis affect pulse pressure?

A

Increases

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13
Q

The rate of water diffusion through capillary membranes is __________ times faster than the flow of plasma within the capillary?

A

80

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14
Q

Why/how does aortic valve stenosis cause abnormal countors of the pressure puls wave?

A
  • The diameter of the aortic valve opening is reduced significantly, and the aortic pressure pulse is significantly reduced
  • blood flow through the aortic valve is diminished
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15
Q

The capacitance of arteries _______ with age?

A

decrease

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16
Q

Name 3 of the 4 factors that increase lymph flow ( and interstial fluid pressure)

A
  1. elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. decreased plasma colloid pressure
  3. increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
  4. increased permeability of capillaries
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17
Q

Lipid soluble substances can diffuse readily through capillary _________ ___________?

A

cell membranes

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18
Q

What is the most important determinant of pulse pressure?

A

Th stroke volume output of the heart

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19
Q

What equation would you use to calculate net filtration pressure?

A

NFP = Pc - Pif - Πp + Πif

  • Pc = capillary pressure (outward)
  • Pif = interstial fluid pressure (inward)
  • Πp = plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure (inward)
  • Πif = interstitial colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure (outward)
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20
Q

Capacitance is _______ proportional to elastance?

A

Inversely

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21
Q

Which vessels are more distensible, arteries or veins?

A

veins

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22
Q

Name some characteristics of arterioles

A
  • Small arterioles control blood flow to each tissue
  • the diameters of arteriole are controlled by local conditions in the tissues
  • arterioles are highly muscular
    • continuous muscular coat is lost in metarterioles
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23
Q

Capcitance is _________ proportional to volume and _________ proportional to pressure?

A

driectly, inversely

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24
Q

The greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the ________ the compliance?

A

lower

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25
Q

Name the 4 conditions that can cause abnormal contours of pressure pulse wave

A
  1. Aortic valve stenosis
  2. atherosclerosis
  3. patent ductus arteriosus
  4. aortic regurgitation
26
Q

How would you, using an equation, describe vascular compliance?

A

Vascular compliance = increase in volume / increase in pressure

27
Q

What are 2 factors that could affect pulse pressure?

A
  1. Stroke volume of the heart
    • diastolic pressure remains unchanged during ventricular systole; pulse pressure increses to the same extent as the sytolic pressure
  2. Compliance of the arterial tree
    • decreases in compliance (aging)
28
Q

What is the most important factor for regulating vasomotion?

A

The concentration of oxygen in the tissues

29
Q

How would you calculate compliance using ditensibility and volume?

A

compliance = distensibility X volume

30
Q

The rate of diffusion is ________ proportional to the concentration differences of diffusing substances?

31
Q

How would you calculate the rate of lymph flow?

A

Rate of lymph flow = (interstitial fluid pressure) X (activity of lymphatic pump)

32
Q

Veins are about _______ times more distensible than arteries?

33
Q

The passage of substances through the interstitium is mostly via _________ rather than ________?

A

diffusion, flow

34
Q

What is compliance?

A
  • A measure of the ease with which a hollow viscus may be distended
  • the volume change reulting from the application of a unit pressure differential beteen the inside and outside of the viscus
  • reciprocal of elastance
35
Q

Using a calculation how could you determin pulse pressure?

A

Pulse pressure = stroke volume / arterial compliance

36
Q

Plasmalemmal vessicles are formed from what?

37
Q

Why/ how does patent ductus arteriosus cause abnormal contours of the pressure pulse wave?

A
  • half or more of the cardiac output flows back into the pulmonary artery and lung blood vessels
  • diastolic pressure falls very low before the next heartbeat
38
Q

Because a greater fraction of the cardiac cycle is spent in _________ rather than in _________, mean arterial pressure is NOT the simple average of diastolic and systolic pressure?

A

diastole, systole

39
Q

How would aging affect pulse pressure?

A

It would increase it because there is a decrease in compliance of the arterial system

40
Q

Name 2 of 3 factors that increase venous return (and inrease right atrial pressure)

A
  1. increased blood volume
  2. increased peripheral venous pressures due to increased large vessel tone
  3. dialation of arterioles
41
Q

Why do substances diffuse through the interstitium rather than flow?

A

The large number of proteoglycan filaments found in the interstitium make it difficult for substance to flow freely

42
Q

Capacitance describes the _______ of blood vessels?

A

distensibilty

43
Q

These determine the direction of diffusion into or out of a capillary?

A

Starling forces

44
Q

When does lymph flow reach its maximum?

A

When the interstitial pressure rises slightly above the atmospheric pressure.

45
Q

What is distensibility?

A

The ability to become stretched, dilated or enlarged

46
Q

The greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the ________ the elastance?

47
Q

What are the function of capillary slit pores?

A

Allow for the diffusion of water, water-soluble ions, and small molecules

48
Q

Why/ how does aortic regurgitation cause abnomrmal contours of the pressure pulse wave?

A
  • the aortic valve is absent or will not close completely
  • aortic pressure maf fall all the way to 0 between heartbeats
49
Q

How does the pressure in peripheral veins compare to that of the right atrial pressure in a person lying down?

A

The peripheral veous pressure is +4 to +6 mmHg greater

50
Q

Elastance is a measure of what?

A

A measure of the tendency of a hollow viscus to recoil toward its original dimensions upon the removal of a distending or collapsing force

51
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

52
Q

What is the capillary filtration and how is it utilized with the net filtration pressure?

A
  • Kf
  • takes into consideration the number and size of pores in capillaries
  • filtration = Kf X NFP
53
Q

Name the four starling forces

A
  1. capillary pressure (outward force)
  2. interstitial fluid pressure (inward force)
  3. capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure (inward force)
  4. interstial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (outward force)
54
Q

Will the mean arterial pressure lie closure to the diastolic pressure or systolic pressure?

A

Diastolic pressure

55
Q

What is equal to the sum of all of the stalring forces?

A

Net filtration pressure

56
Q

Is there a difference in distensibility between systemic arteries and pulmonary arteries?

A

Yes, pulmonary artery distensibilities are about 6 times that of systemic arteries

57
Q

What is central venous pressure?

A

Pressure in the right atrium

58
Q

True or False: capacitance is much greater for veins than arteries?

59
Q

Name some organs whose capillaries have pores

A
  • liver
  • GI tract
  • kidneys
60
Q

How would you calculate mean arterial pressure?

A

Mean arterial pressure = diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

61
Q

Do lymphatic vessels contin valves?

A

Yes, one-way valves

62
Q

When intra-abdominal pressure increases, in order for blood to travel from the legs to the heart through the abdominal veins, what must happen?

A

The venous pressure in the legs must increase above the the abdominal pressure

A. White- Human Physiology (32 decks)

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