arrt review: safety (radiation measurements)

Question 1

what measurements evaluate the intensity of x-ray radiation in the air?

Answer 1

air KERMA, exposure

Question 2

what measurements evaluate the intensity of x-ray radiation in tissue?

Answer 2

absorbed dose, effective dose, equivalent dose

Question 3

assuming no other changes, a decrease in kVp will result in a/an (increase/decrease) in absorbed dose

Answer 3

increase

Question 4

_____________ is the only radiation measurement used to quantify the risk of long term effects such as cancer

Answer 4

effective dose

Question 5

what does LET stand for?

Answer 5

linear energy transfer

Question 6

what does RBE stand for?

Answer 6

relative biological effectiveness

Question 7

what does Wr stand for?

Answer 7

radiation weighting factor

Question 8

what does Wt stand for?

Answer 8

tissue weighting factor

Question 9

what does EqD stand for?

Answer 9

equivalent dose

Question 10

what does EfD stand for?

Answer 10

effective dose

Question 11

DAP measures what?

Answer 11

the total radiation exposure by considering both the dose and the area of the x-ray beam

Question 12

1 rem = ___ mSv

Answer 12

10 mSv

Question 13

Memory trick for remembering measurement information

Answer 13

The A’s have Grays (Gy)
The E’s Have V’s ( Sievert Sv)
If there is a Q it multiplies 2 (Equivalent dose)

Question 14

what does DDE stand for?

Answer 14

deep dose equivalent

Question 15

what is deep dose equivalent?

Answer 15

external whole body exposure equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm

Question 16

what does SDE stand for?

Answer 16

shallow dose equivalent

Question 17

what is shallow dose equivalent?

Answer 17

external exposure of the skin or extremity taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007cm, averaged over an area of 1 square cm

Question 18

what does EDE stand for?

Answer 18

eye dose equivalent

Question 19

eye dose equivalent is the ________ exposure of the lens of the dose taken as the dose equivalent at tissue depth of _____

Answer 19

external, 0.3 cm

Question 20

what does CDE stand for?

Answer 20

committed dose equivalent

Question 21

what does committed dose equivalent measure?

Answer 21

dose equivalent to organs/tissue of reference that will be received from an intake of radioactive materials by an individual during the 50 year period following intake

Question 22

what does CEDE stand for?

Answer 22

committed effective dose equivalent

Question 23

what does TEDE stand for?

Answer 23

total effective dose equivalent

Question 24

what does committed effective dose equivalent measure?

Answer 24

sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose equivalents to these organs or tissues

Question 25

what does TEDE measure?

Answer 25

sum of the deep dose equivalent (for external exposures) and the committed dose equivalent (for internal exposures)

Question 26

absorbed dose SI unit = ____

Answer 26

SI unit = Gy

Question 27

equivalent dose SI unit = ___

Answer 27

SI unit = Sv

Question 28

exposure SI unit = ___

Answer 28

SI unit = C/kg

Question 29

effective dose SI unit = ___

Answer 29

SI unit = Sv

Question 30

air KERMA SI unit = ___

Answer 30

SI unit = Gy

Question 31

DAP is calculated by considering both the _____ and the _________________

Answer 31

dose, area of the x-ray beam

Question 32

linear energy transfer is the ____________

Answer 32

rate at which radiation deposits energy in matter

Question 33

equivalent dose takes into consideration the dose and the ___________

Answer 33

radiation type

Question 34

we can used absorbed dose to calculate the risk of _______________

Answer 34

short term radiation injuries like skin erythema

Question 35

how to calculate effective dose

Answer 35

EfD = D x Wr x Wt

Question 36

between air KERMA and exposure, which measures the energy of ionizations?

Answer 36

Air KERMA

Question 37

between air KERMA and exposure, which measures the number of ionizations?

Answer 37

exposure

Question 38

effective dose is sometimes called __________-

Answer 38

whole body dose