Arrangement of electrons in the atom

Question 1

What is an isotope? Define it?

Answer 1

They are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but different mass number

They have varying numbers of neutrons

Question 2

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 2

It is the average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of the elements as they occur naturally taking their abundances into account and expressed on a carbon 12 scale

Question 3

What are the five stages of mass spectrometry?

Answer 3

Vapourisatipn
Ionisation
Acceleration
Separation
Detection

Question 4

What is mass spectrometry used for?

Answer 4

It is used to determine the relative atomic masses of elements by measuring the mass of their ions

Question 5

What did Boris theory say about how electrons orbit the nucleus?

Answer 5

The orbit and fixed energy levels

Question 6

What happens when an electron gain sufficient energy?

Answer 6

It rises to a higher energy level and is unstable in that state so it said to be excited

Question 7

What happens to electrons in their excited state?

Answer 7

They are unstable, so they fall back down to their original ground state

Question 8

What is omitted when an electron falls from its state back to the ground state?

Answer 8

Emits the difference in energy between the two energy levels in the form of electromagnetic radiation it has a fixed frequency

Question 9

Define ground state

Answer 9

The ground state of an atom is one in which the electron occupies the lowest energy levels available

Question 10

Define excited state

Answer 10

It is when the electrons occupy higher energy levels than those available in the ground state

Question 11

What is the line of mission Spectre?

Answer 11

It is a spectrum of different coloured lines of light against a black background

Each element has its unique line of measurement spectrum as they all have a different number of electrons indifferent orbitals so each element produces its own spectrum

Question 12

What are the uses of the line emission spectrum?

Answer 12

It can help identify elements

Question 13

What instrument can study the line emission spectrum?

Answer 13

Spectrometer

Question 14

What colour flame does lithium produce?

Answer 14

Crimson

Question 15

What colour flame does potassium produce?

Answer 15

Lilac

Question 16

What colour flame does barium produce?

Answer 16

Green

Question 17

What colour flame does strontium produce?

Answer 17

Red

Question 18

What colour flame does copper produce?

Answer 18

Blue green

Question 19

What colour flame does sodium produce?

Answer 19

Yellow

Question 20

What is a summary of Bohr theory?

Answer 20

Energy levels are represented by the N. The lowest energy level is N1 and the next highest is N2.

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed called orbits and electrons in anyone orbit have a fixed amount of energy

The energy of the electron in a particular orbit is quantised

Question 21

Define energy level

Answer 21

It is defined as the fixed energy value that an electron in an atom may have

Question 22

How do you calculate the frequency of light emitted in the line spectrum?

Answer 22

The energy value of the higher energy level minus the energy value of the lower energy level equals planks constant times frequency of light emitted

Question 23

What energy level does the Lyman series go back down to?

Answer 23

N equals one

Question 24

What is the lowest orbit that the Balmer series goes to?

Answer 24

N=2

Question 25

What series is the line of Mission Spectra?

Answer 25

Balmer series meaning that the lowest energy level is N equals 2

Question 26

What are the limitations of Boris theory?

Answer 26

He believed electrons moved in fixed paths, but now it is shown that electrons have a wave like nature which he didn’t take into account Boris theory could not explain the splitting of certain lines in emission spectra and didn’t take into account the presence of sub levels For the theory worked perfectly to explain the line of mission of hydrogen however this theory didn’t work for atoms with more than one electron

Question 27

What is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?

Answer 27

It states that it is impossible to measure at the same time both the velocity and the position of an electron

Question 28

What is the atomic absorbtion spectrum?

Answer 28

It is the spectrum that is obtained when light is passed through a gas sample of an element

Question 29

How does the AAS form?

Answer 29

When light passes through an element in its gas state the electrons in the sample of the element absorb wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation identical to those intimate when excited

Question 30

What does the AAS look like?

Answer 30

Wavelength appear as dark lines on a coloured spectrum

Question 31

What are uses of AAS?

Answer 31

Used to identify heavy metals such as lead in water or blood It can be used in forensic science to test for guns shot residue

Question 32

What indication was given that there was sublevels present?

Answer 32

In the line emission spectrum there was usually a single line that consisted of a number of lines very close together when looked closely at

Question 33

How do you know how many sublevels there are in an energy level

Answer 33

N=1 means there is one sublevel N=2 means there is two sub level And so on

Question 34

What is an orbit?

Answer 34

It is a regional space within which there is a high probability of finding an electron

Question 35

Who proposed the wave of nature of the electron?

Answer 35

Louis de brogie

Answer 36

Louis de brogie

Question 37

Define a sublevel

Answer 37

It is a subdivision of a main energy level and consist of one more orbitals of the same energy

Question 38

What are the two types of orbitals?

Answer 38

S and p

Question 39

What shape are S orbitals?

Answer 39

Sphere

Question 40

What shape are P orbitals?

Answer 40

Dumbbell

Question 41

How many axis are on a P orbital?

Answer 41

3 Px, Py and Pz