AROM and PROM

Question 1

What are the aims?

Answer 1

feeling for pain
anxiety
muscle tone
muscle shortening

Question 2

What does PROM do?

Answer 2

prevents muscle shortening
helps to maintain the memory of the movement pattern by stimulating kinaesthetic receptors
improving sense of position and movement

Question 3

What are the contraindications?

Answer 3

fractures or dislocations
recent surgery
bony block

Question 4

What are the precautions?

Answer 4

infection around the joint
inflammation around joint
osteoporosis
hypermobility

Question 5

Capsular end feel?

Answer 5

joint capsule is limiting ROM

Question 6

Ligamentous end feel

Answer 6

indicates that ligament tightness is limiting the ROM

Question 7

Muscle stretch end feel

Answer 7

indicates that muscle tightness is limiting the ROM

Question 8

Soft tissue end feel

Answer 8

muscle, bulk and fat are pushing against each other to limit ROM

Question 9

Springy end feel

Answer 9

indicates that a loose body is limiting the ROM

Question 10

Empty end feel

Answer 10

indicates that the examiner did not reach end feel because of anticipated pain
feels like there is more range of movement

Question 11

Pain when done activity but not passively

Answer 11

muscle problem

Question 12

Indications for PROM

Answer 12

paralysis
coma
unable to actively move a region
relaxation to help muscle spasm

Question 13

Influencing a person with high tone

Answer 13

quiet, warm environment 
gentle, quiet approach 
large base of support
low centre f gravity 
firm, slow and calming handling
lots of support
slow speed of movement
calm reinforcement

Question 14

Influencing a person with low tone

Answer 14

cool environment
loud, firm and fun approach 
small base of support
high centre of gravity
brisk handling
minimal support
fast speed of movement 
OTT reinforcement

Question 15

What can increased resistance be due to?

Answer 15

passive insufficiency
muscle tension
muscle shortening
contracture

Question 16

What is rigidity?

Answer 16

resistance

same in flexors and extensors

Question 17

What is spasticity?

Answer 17

increased tone during fast movement
catch on movement
increased tendon reflexes

Question 18

Management of normal tone

Answer 18

to maintain soft tissue length 
maintain joint alignment 
regain muscle length 
prevent muscle shortening
regain muscle alignment