Arm, Elbow, Forearms Flashcards
Remember these parts of the humerus
Region of lumphatic drainage from the lateral part of the breast
Axilla
Types of major muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm. Bonus points for specific names
Flexors of the forearm
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
This nerve innervates the anterior compartment muscles?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Review this diagram of the bones of the elbow
What is the only muscle that crosses both the glenohumeral and ebow joint?
Biceps
What is the most powerful supinator of the forearm when elbow joint is fixed?
Biceps
Three major functions of the Biceps Brachii
Hint: 2 of them are flexes, 1 is supination
- Flexes the elbow
- Supinates the forearm
- Flexes the shoulder
Actions of the Coracobrachilis
Also the origin of it (Hint: look at the name)
Flexes the shoulder
Adducts the shoulder
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Function and origin of the Brachialis Muscle
Flexes the elbow
Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
What major muscles make up the posterior compartment?
Extensors of the forearm (triceps)
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment muscles?
Radial Nerve
Functions of the three heads of the triceps brachii
All heads: Extend elbow
Long head specifically: Extends shoulder and adducts shoulder
Remember this diagram of arteries of the arm (mainly the major ones, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar)
What two veins does the subclavian vein branch into?
Cephalic and Axillary
What two veins arise from branching form the axillary vein?
Basilic and Brachial
Four major nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous
Median
Radial
Ulnar
Know these general locations of the nerves of the arm
Parts of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial
Biceps brachii tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Have general knowledge of these bones of the elbow
Diagram of the elbow joint
Radiograph of the elbow joint
Radiograph of the bones of the elbow
Notches of the elbow diagram
Which element has the largest melting point?
Tungsten
This is just a quick reminder to drink plenty of water and watch your posture.
That’s all, get back to studying
Which ligament provides 55% of resistance to valgus stress at the elbow at 90° flexion?
Ulna Collateral Ligament
Which ligament is a strong band of fibers attached by both its ends to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch of the ulna?
Annular Ligament
What two movemensts are possible at the annular ligament joint?
Pronation and Supination
Review this diagram of the forearm
What does the radial head articulate with?
Radial tuberosity of the humerus
What is the thin fibrous sheath that connects the medial border of the radius to the lateral border of the ulna?
Intraosseus membrane
Major function of the intraosseus membrane
Provides attachment for muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments
Major movements of the elbow
Hinge: back and forth
Supination and pronation
True or false, the radius can cross the ulna
True! This allows for pronation and supination
Where does the axillary artery name change to brachial artery?
At the level of the lower margin of teres major muscle
Give distributions of the major nerves of the shoulder, arms and forearms
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Axillar: deltoid and teres minor
Musculotaneous: Flexors
Median: Most of the flexor muscles of forearm and muscles in hand
Ulnar: FCU and part of forearm and intrinsic muscles in hand
Radial: innvervates all extensor muscles of arm and forearm
Components and uses of anterior compartment of forearm
Flexion of wrists and fingers
Pronation
Superficia and deep layers
Components and functions of posterior compartment of forearm
Extension of wirsts and fingers
Supination
Superficial and deep layer
Three flexors of the wrist
*Most important: What is their common origin?
Flexor Carpi radialis
Flexor Carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus (FLEM)
Which flexo flexes and abducts the wrist?
Can also assist in flexing elbow
Flexor carpi radialis
Which flexor flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar fascia?
Can also assit in flexing elbow
Palmaris longus
Which flexor flexes the wrist, adducts the wrist and assist to flex the elbow
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Three extensors of the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Common origin of the extensors of the wrist
Lateral epicondyle (LEX) (except not the radialis longus)
Which nerve innervates the extensors of the wrist?
Radial nerve
Origin of the Carpi Radialis Longus
(This is actually important)
Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Functions of both the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis and Longus
Extends wrist
Abducts wrist
Assists to flex elbow
Functions of the extensor carpi ulnaris (2 of them)
Extends wrist
Adducts wrist
What holds bones together during pronation and supination? (There’s 3 of them)
Annular ligament
Inerosseus membran
Articular disc at distal radioulnar joint
Muscles that pronate the forearm
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Function of the supinator
Supinates forearm
(Who would’ve thought?)
