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Anatomy > Anatomy of the Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Vertebrae from top to bottom.

A

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral (tail bone) Coccygeal

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2
Q

Which sets of vertebrae fuse together to form one vertebrae in adults

A

Sacral (tailbone) forms the sacrum Coccygeal form the coccyx

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3
Q

There are _ Cerivcal Vertebrae _ Thoracic Vertebrae _ Lumbar Vertebrae _ Sacral (unfused) Vertebrae _ Coccygeal (unfused) Vertebrae

A

7 12 5 5 4

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4
Q

How many vertebrae do we have total?

A

33

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5
Q

What is another name for the C1 Vertebra?

A

Atlas

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6
Q

Why is the opening of the C1 Vertebra so large?

A

Because the spinal cord is wider where it exits the brain and skull

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7
Q

Memorize this diagram

A
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8
Q

What is another name for the C2 Vertebra?

A

Axis

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9
Q

What is the most distinguishable feature in the C2 Vertebra that lets you notice it in scans?

A

The Dens

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10
Q

What is the dens? What is its purpose?

A

Large bony knob at top of C2. Points up and fits through a hole in the axis (connective).

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11
Q

Memorize this diagram of the components of a vertebrae

A
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12
Q

Name of the bony knob that projects out at the point where two lamina bones join together (at back of spine)

A

Spinous Process

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13
Q

The cervical vertebrae in specific have a hole that passes down through each transverse process. What is it called and why is it useful?

A

Transverse foramen

Makes a passageway for ateries that run up each side of the neck to supply back of the brain.

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14
Q

What part of the vertebrae is lateral to the superior articular facet and serves as a point for muscle attachment?

A

Transverse Process

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15
Q

What are the joints that connect the vertebrae? How many does each vertebrae have?

A

Facet Joints

Besides the very top and very bototm spinal column, all vertebra have 2 facets (one on each side)

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16
Q

Name for opening on each side of the spine between two vetebral bodies where nerves leaving the spine go

A

Neural Foramen

17
Q

What types of cells make up the intervertebral discs?

A

Collagen cells

18
Q

Remember this diagram

A
19
Q

Remember these types of disc problems

A
20
Q

What are the 5 types of ligaments in the spine and briefly describe their function. Remember SILPA

A

Supraspinous - Run between and connect spinous process

Interspinous - Run between and connect spinous process

Ligamentum Flavum - connects to front surface of lamina bones

Posterior Longitudinal - Attaches on back of vertebral bodies

Anterior longitudinal - down the front of vertebral bodies

21
Q

Layers of spinal meninges

A

Pia Mater - Lines spinal cord and nerve roots

Arachnoid mater

Dura mater - dense outermost layer

22
Q

Spaces of the spinal meninges

A

Subarachnoid - between pia and arachnoid

Subdural - Potential space between arachnoid and dura

Epidural - Potential space external to dura mater

23
Q

Remember this nice cross section view of the spinal meninges

A
24
Q

How many total spinal nerves are there?

A

30

25
Q

Where does the C1 spinal nerve arise?

A

Superior to the C1 Vertebral body

26
Q

General rule for spinal nerves in the cervical region of the spinal cord

A

The spinal nerve for a vertebra lies ABOVE the vertebra. Ex. C4 spinal nerve is between C3 and C4

BUT, there’s also the C8 nerve which is actually just between the C7 and T1 Vertebra

27
Q

Rules for naming spinal nerves OUTSIDE OF the Cervical section

A

Named after the superior vertebra. Example, L1-L2 foramen -> L1 nerve

28
Q

Approximately where does the spinal cord end?

A

Between the L1 and L2

29
Q

What distinguishes the C1 spinal nerve from the others?

A

C1 is the only nevre to carry ONLY motor fibres. The others carry sensory and moto

30
Q

What are the lines often shown in radiographs to show the alignment of the cervical vertebra

A

Anterior Cervical line

Posterior Cervical line

Spinolaminal line

31
Q

What is a jefferson fracture and how does it form?

A

Burst fracture of the ring of C1

Compressibe downward force that is transmitted evenly through the skull

Anatomy (15 decks)

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