Areas of Exchange

Question 1

Spiracles

Answer 1

Insects - Tiny holes that can both open and close; they are located on the side of the insect

Question 2

Gill filaments

Answer 2

Fish - small divisions in the gills of fish that allow for larger surface area

Question 3

Gill lamellae

Answer 3

Fish - Little protrusions on gills that increase surface area.

Question 4

Operculum

Answer 4

Fish - the hard covering above the gills that move outwards to allow water to flow past

Question 5

Order of airways in humans

Answer 5

Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles ->Alveoli

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Plants - Holes on the bottom of plants to allow for gas exchange (can open and close)

Question 7

Plant Adaptations

Answer 7

Waxy cuticle to help prevent water loss; Stomata close in the day to prevent water loss; short diffusion distance

Question 8

Insect Adaptations

Answer 8

Cuticle to help prevent water loss;
spiracles can both open and close;
have trachea going into tracheoles for direct gas exchange;
abdominal pumping to get gas moving through spiracles; bristles on spiracles to prevent evaporation

Question 9

Human Adaptations (Gas exchange)

Answer 9

Large surface area inside lungs; diaphragm changing volume of lungs; intercostal muscles helping increase/decrease lung volume; short diffusion distance

Question 10

Fish Adaptations (Gas exchange)

Answer 10

Large surface area inside the gills;
counter current flow to maximise diffusion (taking away oxygenated blood);
operculum to protect the gills;
short diffusion distance

Question 11

Xerophytic Plant (in dry conditions) Adaptations

Answer 11

Curled leaves with stomata inside;
Less stomata;
Stomata in pits that trap moist air changing conc. gradient;
Hairs on epidermis to trap air

Question 12

Tidal Volume of Breath

Answer 12

Volume of air in each breath

Question 13

Ventilation rate

Answer 13

Breaths per minute

Question 14

Forced expiratory volume

Answer 14

Max air breathed out in 1 second

Question 15

Forced vital capacity

Answer 15

Max volume of air to breathed out forcefully after a deep breath

Question 16

Trachea Features

Answer 16

C-shaped cartilage rings
Ciliated epithelial cells
Goblet cells (secrete mucus)
Smooth muscle
Elastic fibres

Question 17

Residual volume

Answer 17

The volume of air that always remains in the lungs

Question 18

Double closed circulatory system

Answer 18

Blood flows through the heart twice in one cycle (like in mammals)

Question 19

Single closed circulatory system

Answer 19

Blood flows through the heart once in one cycle (like in fish)