Area Services

Question 1

List uses for information provided by the surveillance system and presented on the Air Situation Display.

Answer 1

1. Provide surveillance services
2. Provide vectoring
3. Provide Separation and maintain normal traffic flow when an aircraft experiences communication failure within the area of coverage.
4. Maintain flight path monitoring of air traffic.

Question 2

Would an IFR flight heading in an easterly direction below FL290 be at an odd or even level?

Answer 2

Odd

Question 3

When operating within block levels, may a pilot operate at any of the levels within the block?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

In what level band is RVSM airspace?

Answer 4

FL290 - FL410

Question 5

What symbol in field 10a of a flight plan indicates that an aircraft has RVSM approval?

Answer 5

W

Question 6

State four reasons a controller may use vectoring.

Answer 6

1. To facilitate an expeditious and efficient departure flow and expedite climb to cruise level
2. To prevent potential conflicts
3. To establish an expeditious and efficient approach sequence
4. To assist pilot navigations

Question 7

When an aircraft experiences communications failure, how can surveillance systems help?

Answer 7

Allows a controller to provide separation and maintain normal traffic flow within the area of coverage.

Question 8

In what environments may procedural or non-surveillance separation techniques be used?

Answer 8

Remote or oceanic airspace that lacks access to surveillance equipment.

Question 9

What information must a pilot provide when they fly over a compulsory reporting position?

Answer 9

1. Time overhead the last position
2. Fly level/altitude
3. Estimate for next position

Question 10

Where in a flight plan is an aircraft’s navigation equipment found?

Answer 10

Fields 10a and 18.

Question 11

What does S in field 10a of a flight plan indicate?

Answer 11

Standard equipment - VHF, VOR, ILS

Question 12

What does a D in field 10a of a flight plan indicate?

Answer 12

DME

Question 13

How is ADF indicated in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 13

F

Question 14

How is GNSS indicated in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 14

G

Question 15

What does H indicate in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 15

HF

Question 16

How is INS indicated in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 16

I

Question 17

What does J2J4 indicate in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 17

Datalink

Question 18

How is RNAV indicated in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 18

R

Question 19

What does a V indicate in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 19

VHF

Question 20

What does a Z indicate in field 10a of a flight plan?

Answer 20

Other

Question 21

What does PBN in field 18 of a flight plan indicate?

Answer 21

Performance based navigation

Question 22

What are the two forms of datalink?

Answer 22

1. ADS-C (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract)
   —– The Flight Management System on board the aircraft reports position direct to ATS systems at predetermined intervals.
2. CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications)
   —– similar to SMS messaging
   —– provides a link betwen ATC & pilots to communicate using a set of predetermined messages.

Question 23

What kinds of surveillance equipment does Airservices use in the Australian FIR?

Answer 23

• Radar
• ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast)

Question 24

What is radar surveillance used by ATC for?

Answer 24

To manage the flow of traffic into controlled aerodromes.

This allows for the most efficient use of runways.

Question 25

True or False. The use of ADS-B equipment is optional for IFR flights.

Answer 25

FALSE.

The use of ADS-B equipment is mandated for all IFR flights.

Question 26

What conditions must be met for an aircraft to be ‘identified’ on a surveillance system?

Answer 26

Track symbol must be correlated to the aircraft’s expected position and level must be verified using one of the below thresholds:

1. Maintaining level - within 200ft of assigned
2. Vacating a level - a change of 400ft or more in the anticipated direction from previously assigned level
3. Passing a level on climb/descent - passed the level in the required direction by 400ft or more
4. Reaching a level - within 200 ft of the assigned level for the greater of three consecutive updates or 15 seconds

Question 27

Where is radar coverage found in the Australian FIR?

Answer 27

Areas of highest traffic density.

• The J-Curve, between Adelaide and Cairns
• Perth
• Paraburdoo

Question 28

Once an aircraft has been correctly identified and verified what separation standards can be applied?

Answer 28

Radar separation standards of 5NM within En-Route airspace and 3NM in the TMA.

Question 29

What is ADS-B?

Answer 29

A system in which electronic equipment onboard an aircraft automatically broadcasts the precise location of the aircraft via a digital data link.

This can be used by other aircraft and ATC to show the aircraft’s position and altitude on display screens without the need for radar.

Question 30

What is considered ADS-B airspace?

Answer 30

Airspace at or above FL290 over the following:

1. mainland Australia and Tasmania
2. The sea south of and including air route B598 (Gulf of Carpentaria)
3. The sea north of and including air routes L513 and Q27 (Great Australian Bight) outside radar coverage E of a line CDU-MTI

Question 31

Typically, in Australian airspace, how often are aircraft required to report position/level information via ADS-C.

Answer 31

At 15 minute intervals.