Approach Services Flashcards
Define the term SID
Standard Instrument Departure
How are Procedural SIDs identified?
Named after the final waypoint of the SID
How are Radar SIDs identified?
Named after the airport the SID starts at.
Define the term STAR
Standard Arrival Route
What does a complete STAR clearance contain?
- STAR identifier
- a transition route when applicable
- a runway, when a STAR includes more than one arrival track
- a level assignment
What MET conditions are required for a visual approach by day?
- Clear of cloud
- Continuous visual reference to ground or water.
- Visibility along flight path not less than 5000M, or aerodrome is in sight.
May level restrictions be placed on aircraft when cleared to make a visual approach?
No
The MSA displayed on instrument approach charts displays what obstacle clearance? Within what radius?
1000FT, 25NM
At what point does an instrument approach begin?
The Initial Approach Fix (IAF)
Within what distance of an aerodrome, by day, may an aircraft commence a visual approach?
30NM
What are Approach Controllers responsible for?
Separating consecutive departing aircraft and separating departing and arriving aircraft from each other.
Are aircraft likely to be vectored in a surveillance or in a procedural environment?
Surveillance
Outline the TMA positions
APPROACH - Approach Control on a frequency separate from Aerodrome Control
DIRECTOR - Final Control (civil) on a frequency separate from Approach Control
DEPARTURES - Departure Control on a frequency separate from Aerodrome Control
FLOW - Manages the sequence of arrivals at controlled aerodromes
What does the Flow controller do?
Arranges inbound aircraft onto the runway in a specific order, via coordination with the Area and TMA coordinators responsible for those aircraft.
This is known as sequencing.
What is the CTMS?
The Central Traffic Management System - a PC based system used to reduce airborne holding.
The system provides the following:
- air traffic scheduling into Sydney airport
- various reports including slot reports for Airports Coordination Australia (ACA)
- a web interface for airlines to manage their flights’ landing times
- a web interface that allows Sydney Airports (SACL) to view landing times for a flight
How is CTMS managed?
Through the Network Coordination Centre (NCC)
The NCC undertakes capacity modelling, based on the weather conditions expected to prevail, airline demands and scheduling, noise abatement etc.
What does CTMS permit airlines to do?
Delay departure times for aircraft in order to meet their arrival slot without being subjected to airborne holding requirements.
Where can approach procedures for aerodromes in the Australian FIR be found?
DAP East and DAP West, or online through the Airservices website.
What are instrument approach procedures?
A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
How are Instrument Approach Procedures classified?
- Non-precision Approach (NPA) - designed for 2D instrument approach operations Type A
- Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance (APV) - A performance based navigation (PBN) instrument approach procedure designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A
- Precision Approach (PA) - Based on navigation systems (ILS, MLS, GLS and SBAS Cat I) designed for 3D instrument approach operations Type A or B.
What form will authorisation for final approach take?
Clearance for the type of approach as shown on the approach chart title.
What is the purpose of SIDs and STARs?
To separate departing and arriving aircraft at major aerodromes without controller intervention.
This is achieved by specifying tracking, route and vertical requirements to aircraft flying these procedures.
Outline STAR codes vs Approach types.
A - ILS
B - VOR
D - NDB
P - RNP
U - RNP
V - VISUAL
Z - RNAV-Z (GPS)
When is a SID issued?
As part of the Pre-Departure Clearance.
True or False. RNP Approaches and Departures often operate in much closer proximity to challenging terrain than standard instrument approaches.
True
What are RNP approaches/departures designed to do?
Take advantage of the sophisticated navigational capability of modern aircraft.
What are RNP procedures approved for?
Qualifying aircraft for day and night operations and in all weather conditions.
What is the MDA?
Minimum Decision Altitude
This is the point where a pilot has to commit to land.
Who do RNP Charts belong to?
NavCanada
In addition to lateral track keeping capability, what must RNP AP approved aircraft have?
Vertical navigation (RNAV) capability.
