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Heamatology > Aquired Anaemia > Flashcards

Aquired Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the morphology of hypochromic microcytic cells?

A

> small cells

> decreased haemoglobin

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2
Q

what investigation would you carry out in hypochromic microcytic anaemia?

A

serum ferritin

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3
Q

normal or increased serum ferritin in anaemias is caused by what?

A

> secondary anaemia

> thalassaemia

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4
Q

serum ferritin will be low in what cause of anaemia?

A

iron deficiency anaemia

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5
Q

how does iron deficiency anaemia present?

A

> atrophic tongue
bleeding
pregnancy/diet
koilonychia

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6
Q

how does hepcidin block?

A

ferroportin

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7
Q

what is the management for iron deficiency anaemia?

A

> oral iron
blood transfusion (rare)
correct the cause

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8
Q

what investigation would you carry out in normochromic normocytic anaemia?

A

reticulocyte count

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9
Q

what could cause normochromic normocytic anaemia with a normal/low reticulocyte count?

A 
> hypoplasia
> marrow infiltration
> secondary anaemia
 - defective iron utilisation
 - underlying disease
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10
Q

if reticulocyte count was high in normochromic normocytic anaemia what investigation would you carry out?

A

direct antiglobulin test

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11
Q

what type of anaemia would a high reticulocyte count with normal cells be?

A

a haemolytic anaemia

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12
Q

if the direct antiglobulin test in haemolytic anaemia negative what does that show about the anaemia?

A

it is non-immune mediated

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13
Q

if the direct antiglobulin test in haemolytic anaemia is positive what test would you carry out?

A

> warm auto-antibodies (autoimmune drugs/CLL)
cold auto-antibodies (CHAD/infections/lymphoma)
alloantibodies (transfusion reactions)

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14
Q

what could cause reticulocyte to be high in normochromic normocytic anaemia?

A 
> haemoglobinopathy
> enzyme deficiency
> hereditary spherocytosis
> severe infection
> autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
> mechanical
> DIC
> TTP
> PET
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15
Q

in macrocytic anaemia what investigation would you carry out?

A

> B12/folate assay

> (bone marrow film/slide)

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16
Q

what can cause non-megaloblastc macrocytic anaemia?

A 
> alcohol
> methotrexate
> antiretroviral
> hydroxycarbamide
> disordered liver function
> hypothyroidism
> myelodysplasia
17
Q

what are the symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

lemon yellow tinge
> anaemia
> neurological symptoms
> friable red cells

18
Q

what can cause megaloblastic anaemia?

A

> b12 deficiency

> folate deficiency

19
Q

what can cause folate deficiency?

A

> diet
increased requirement
haemolysis
GI pathology (coeliac disease)

20
Q

what can cause b12 deficiency?

A

> pernicious anaemia

> gastric/ileal disease

21
Q

what antibodies might you look for in pernicious anaemia?

A

antibodies against intrinsic factor

22
Q

what is the management of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

> B12 IM injection

> oral folate replacement

Heamatology (6 decks)

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