Aqueous Environment (Midterm) Flashcards
What is the best way to prevent aging?
maintain muscle mass and water
What percentage of the body is made up of water?
60-80%
What tissue in the body has the least amount of water?
fat tissue
define electronegativity
tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself
define hydrophilic
form hydrogen or ionic bonds with water
define hydrophobic
nonpolar, unable to hydrogen bond with water, cannot dissolve in water
Are phospholipids hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic?
amphipathic
define amphipathic
a chemical compound possess hydrophilic (water loving, polar) and hydrophobic (fat loving) properties
Triglycerides will be transported through a cell in a…..
micelle
What is a micelle?
1 layer of phospholipids, phospho heads on outside, tails on inside
What is a liposome?
2 layers of phospholipids, phospho heads on both inside and outside, but tails are all inside- weird explanation but basically phospholipid bilayer in a ball
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
a long sheet of 2 layers of phospholipids, generally straight or curved but not in a ball like a liposome
A 3D structure of many macromolecules is determined by….
hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions
Extreme polarity results in _______ bonds
ionic
note: a small amount of water can also be ionized
define equilibrium of water
percentage of water molecules ionized never changes as long as the temp/ and pressure remain the same
What is Kw?
the actual conc. of ionic forms of water
Are protons acidic or basic?
acidic
Is OH acidic or basic?
basic
What is the Keq equation?
Can hydrophilic biological molecules ionize?
yes
What are conjugate acid base pairs?
weak acids and bases
What is the dissociation constant?
The lower the pka = the stronger the….
acid
What is a weak acid?
an extra H+
What is a conjugate base?
an extra negative charge
Acids __________ protons, bases _________ protons
donate, accept
(when an acid enters the aqueous environment, it will donate protons to the environment, and itself change to its conjugated base form, and vice versa)
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
calcium
What is the cytoplasm buffer system?
What is the blood buffer system?
What is a buffer?
solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base (resists change in pH)
If the H+ of a solution is 1x10^-9 M, what is the pH of the solution?
9
Can pH ever be negative?
no
What is the most important buffer system in cytoplasm?
H2PO4- / HPO4-2
What is HH equation used for?
checking the strength of the buffer
pH= pka then the buffer works best
so if she gives a question with pH of 5 then you want a pka that is closest to 5
