Aqueous Environment (Midterm)

Question 1

What is the best way to prevent aging?

Answer 1

maintain muscle mass and water

Question 2

What percentage of the body is made up of water?

Answer 2

60-80%

Question 3

What tissue in the body has the least amount of water?

Answer 3

fat tissue

Question 4

define electronegativity

Answer 4

tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself

Question 5

define hydrophilic

Answer 5

form hydrogen or ionic bonds with water

Question 6

define hydrophobic

Answer 6

nonpolar, unable to hydrogen bond with water, cannot dissolve in water

Question 7

Are phospholipids hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic?

Answer 7

amphipathic

Question 8

define amphipathic

Answer 8

a chemical compound possess hydrophilic (water loving, polar) and hydrophobic (fat loving) properties

Question 9

Triglycerides will be transported through a cell in a…..

Answer 9

micelle

Question 10

What is a micelle?

Answer 10

1 layer of phospholipids, phospho heads on outside, tails on inside

Question 11

What is a liposome?

Answer 11

2 layers of phospholipids, phospho heads on both inside and outside, but tails are all inside- weird explanation but basically phospholipid bilayer in a ball

Question 12

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 12

a long sheet of 2 layers of phospholipids, generally straight or curved but not in a ball like a liposome

Question 13

A 3D structure of many macromolecules is determined by….

Answer 13

hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions

Question 14

Extreme polarity results in _______ bonds

Answer 14

ionic

note: a small amount of water can also be ionized

Question 15

define equilibrium of water

Answer 15

percentage of water molecules ionized never changes as long as the temp/ and pressure remain the same

Question 16

What is Kw?

Answer 16

the actual conc. of ionic forms of water

Question 17

Are protons acidic or basic?

Answer 17

acidic

Question 18

Is OH acidic or basic?

Answer 18

basic

Question 19

What is the Keq equation?

Answer 19

Question 20

Can hydrophilic biological molecules ionize?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What are conjugate acid base pairs?

Answer 21

weak acids and bases

Question 22

What is the dissociation constant?

Answer 22

Question 23

The lower the pka = the stronger the….

Answer 23

acid

Question 24

What is a weak acid?

Answer 24

an extra H+

Question 25

What is a conjugate base?

Answer 25

an extra negative charge

Question 26

Acids __________ protons, bases _________ protons

Answer 26

donate, accept (when an acid enters the aqueous environment, it will donate protons to the environment, and itself change to its conjugated base form, and vice versa)

Question 27

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 27

calcium

Question 28

What is the cytoplasm buffer system?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the blood buffer system?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is a buffer?

Answer 30

solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base (resists change in pH)

Question 31

If the H+ of a solution is 1x10^-9 M, what is the pH of the solution?

Answer 31

9

Question 32

Can pH ever be negative?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

What is the most important buffer system in cytoplasm?

Answer 33

H2PO4- / HPO4-2

Question 34

What is HH equation used for?

Answer 34

checking the strength of the buffer pH= pka then the buffer works best so if she gives a question with pH of 5 then you want a pka that is closest to 5