Apr, 1917 EVIDENCE

Question 1

The April Theses were a series of ten directives issued by the Bolshevik leader […]

upon his return to Petrograd from his exile in […]

Answer 1

Vladimir Lenin

Switzerland (via Germany and Finland)

Question 2

In the April Theses, Lenin:

Condemns the PG as bourgeois and urges what support for it?

Condemns WWI as a “predatory […]”

Asserts that Russia is “passing from the first stage of the revolution… to its second stage, which must place power in the hands of the […]

Answer 2

“no support” for it

imperialist war”

proletariat”

Question 3

Which two groups formed the Dual Power Provisional Government in March, 1917?

One man belonged to both groups. He was SR […]

Answer 3

1. The Provisional Committee
2. The Petrograd Soviet

Alexander Kerensky

Question 4

What (officially) did the PG aim to do?

Answer 4

Elect a constituent assembly (plus the PG was “Provisional”)

Question 5

Ministers in the PG’s first cabinet were overwhelmingly from […]

Answer 5

The Kadets

Question 6

Soviets like the Petrograd Soviet controlled [TTT]

Answer 6

Troops, Transport, Telegraph

Question 7

What did the Provisional Government want? Why freedom of [PUS] of course!

Answer 7

[P]ress, [U]nions, [S]peech

Question 8

The first head of the Provisional Government was […]

Answer 8

Prince Lviv

Question 9

The June Offensive was ordered by […]

and led by […]

Answer 9

Alexander Kerensky

General Aleksei Brusilov

Question 10

Timing? Following the Feb Rev, there were strong popular demands for […]

Answer 10

peace

Question 11

Discipline within the Russian Army had reached a point of […]

Answer 11

crisis

Question 12

The Petrograd Soviet’s Order No.1 tremendously weakened […]

Answer 12

the power of officers

Question 13

Other factors insuring defeat were […]

Answer 13

1. The abolition of the death penalty

2. The high presence of revolutionary agitators at the front, including Bolsheviks

Question 14

The June Offensive succeeded or failed?

Answer 14

failed

Question 15

The decision to sustain the war effort was also driving a wedge between the PG and […]

This was undermining Dual […]

Answer 15

socialists

Power

Question 16

In mid-April, foreign minister Pavel Miliukov penned a telegram to the Allies, informing them that Russia would remain […]

Miliukov’s telegram was later leaked to the press, which triggered large […]

Answer 16

in the war until its conclusion

public demonstrations in Petrograd

Question 17

Pipes claims these April uprisings were the Bolsheviks’ first attempt at a […]

Answer 17

coup

Question 18

Whatever the case, Miliukov was kicked out in May and by June Kerensky was launching […]

Answer 18

The June Offensive to get a win and improve war morale

Question 19

In the first days of July 1917, a spontaneous uprising erupted in […]

The uprising became known as […]

Answer 19

Petrograd

The July Days

Question 20

The July Days uprising was fuelled by two key factors […]

Answer 20

1. The PG’s attempt to escalate the war effort

2. A constant stream of Bolshevik propaganda condemning the PG and calling for a transfer of power to the Soviets

Question 21

By the beginning of July, thousands on the streets of Petrograd thought the time had come for a […]

Most were disgruntled factory workers, soldiers and sailors; many were card-carrying members of the […]

Answer 21

Soviet revolution

Bolshevik party

Question 22

The Bolshevik hierarchy gave the July demonstrations what sort of support?

but refused to back a direct […]

This seems to have been driven by Lenin, who was aware that spontaneous and unplanned revolutions usually […]

Answer 22

tacit support

challenge to the PG

failed

Question 23

Lenin was not prepared to strake his political future on a […]

Answer 23

disorganised mob

Question 24

Starved of leadership, the July uprising […]

Answer 24

dwindled and failed

Question 25

Rightly or not, the Bolsheviks were held responsible for the July uprising, their leaders […]

Answer 25

arrested or driven into exile (Kerensky arrested 800 Bolsheviks)

Question 26

By late July 1917, the Bolshevik movement seemed […]

Answer 26

to have been defeated

Question 27

Who succeeded Lviv as President of the PG?

Answer 27

Alexander Kerensky

Question 28

After the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II, who was given command of the Petrograd Military District in March 1917?

Answer 28

Lavr Kornilov

Question 29

In July, after commanding the only successful front in the disastrous Russian offensive of June 1917, Kornilov became […]

Answer 29

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the PG’s armed forces

Question 30

Kornilov was serving who?

And Kerensky had just destroyed which group after the July Days?

Answer 30

Kerensky (the president)

The Bolsheviks

Question 31

The Kornilov affair was a confused episode in August 1917, where for a time the PG seemed to be under threat from […]

Answer 31

it’s own army

Question 32

For several days, which a career officer loyal to Tsarism attempted to gather both troops and financial support so he could occupy Petrograd and restore order?

Answer 32

Kornilov

Question 33

Kornilov claimed to be acting on whose instructions during the Kornilov affair?

Kerensky, however, came, rightly or wrongly, to see Kornilov as a […]

Answer 33

Kerensky’s

counter-revolutionary who wanted to attack the PG

Question 34

Kerensky believed Kornilov wanted to install himself as a […]

Answer 34

rightist military dictator

Question 35

Kerensky, thinking he needed to defend himself against his own army, released and armed which group?

Answer 35

The Bolsheviks