1903 EVIDENCE Flashcards
In 1903, the Second Congress of the SD party met in exile in Brussels to try and unite. However, the party split into two irreconcilable factions:
the Bolsheviks, headed by […]
and the […]
headed by […]
Vladimir Lenin
Mensheviks
Julius Martov
A central issue at the (SD) congress was the question of the definition of party […]
membership
(SD membership)
Lenin wanted a small […]
Martov wanted […]
centralised group
(like a strike team, trustworthy and committed to the cause)
a big organisation with loose membership rules
(anyone could donate / attend etc.)
Was the (SD) split permanent?
Yes
What was Russia looking to do at the beginning of the twentieth century?
Expand its empire
in particular, it had its eye on China and Korea
What project signalled this intent (expansion)?
Witte’s Trans-Siberian railway
entering territory secured unfairly by Russia after the Sino-Japanese War 1895
What treaty saw Russia trick Japan out of the spoils of the first Sino-Japanese War?
Treaty of Shimonoseki
1895
Following the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), the Japanese next went to war with […]
Russia
in the Russo-Japanese War, starting 1904
The name of the port that Japan surrounded, cut off from supplies and kept under siege until 20 December, 1904 was […]
Port Arthur
Attacking Port Arthur did what?
Started the Russo-Japanese War
On December 1904, four workers at which ironworks were fired due to radicalism?
Putilov Ironworks
in St Petersburg
Virtually the entire workforce of this ironworks went on strike, and sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers up to […]
150 000
from more than 300 factories
By 8 January, 1905, all public areas were declared […]
closed
Who decided to prepare a petition to be presented to the Tsar?
Father Gapon
Gapon’s petition called for improved […]
It also wanted (name two things) […]
working conditions
(such as fair wages / reduction in the working day to 8h)
an end to the R-J W and the introduction of universal suffrage
Was the Tsar sympathetic to Gapon’s petition?
No
For industrial workers, the average working day was how many hours / days a week?
10.5 hours, 6 days a week
no annual holidays, sick leave etc.
Food prices in the cities increased by as much as […]
Did wages increase accordingly?
50%
No
Instead of ‘Little Father’, Nicholas II came to be known as […]
‘Nicholas the Bloody’
Bloody Sunday 1905 began as a relatively peaceful protest by disgruntled steel workers in […]
St Petersburg
Angered by poor working conditions, an economic slump and the ongoing war with Japan, thousands marched on the […]
To do what?
Winter Palace (in St Petersburg)
Plead with Tsar Nicholas II for reform
B.S.
The Tsar was not present and the workers were […]
gunned down on the streets by panicky soldiers
B.S.
some estimates put the number killed as high as […]
4000
Tsar claimed 96
“Bloody Sunday” triggered a fresh wave of general strikes, peasant unrest and assassinations. This political mobilisation became known as the 1905 […]
Russian Revolution
The battle of Mukden was the last major […] of the Russo-Japanese War.
major land battle
(Mukden)
It was fought in what month of what year?
Between […]
Victory went to the […]
With Russia losing how many men?
February, 1905
Russia and Japan
Japanese
90,000
What was the significance of the defeat at Mukden back at home in Russia? It reflects badly on […]
The majesty / power of the Tsar
encouraging radicalism
The Zemstvo was a form of […]
local government
Zemstvos consisted of landowners from rural areas who were sympathetic to […]
Tsarist Russia
Zemstvos held national […]
“congress”
meetings
In April, 1905, the Second National Zemstvo Congress sent a deputation to […]
the Tsar
NZC
This deputation had a loyal petition for a […]
A Constituent Assembly
a concession the Tsar rejected
NZC
What did Lenin think of this? Lenin called negotiations with the Tsar pretty trading and the first steps of bourgeois […]
betrayal
he didn’t want any negotiating, he wanted extremes, then the Tsar gone
The Zemstvo movement lost its oppositional character after […]
The October Manifesto, 1905
Zemstvo liberals then openly supported Tsarism
The Tsushima naval battle on 14 May, 1905, defeated the Russian […] in 24 hours.
Baltic Fleet
well, 2/3 of it anyway
This shocking defeat (Tsushima) further reduced the Tsar’s […]
majesty / power
The destruction of the Russian navy caused a bitter reaction from […]
which led to a peace treaty in September 1905 without any further […]
The Russian public
battles
With the news of the disastrous Battle of Tsushima in May 1905, morale in the Russian navy […]
dropped
Which ship mutinied and killed its officers?
This was further evidence of the Tsar’s diminished […]
The Potemkin
majesty / power
The embarrassments of Port Arthur, Mukden and Tsushima, along with the growing […]
forced the Tsar’s government to seek peace terms from the […]
domestic unrest of 1905
Japanese
R-J W
The Russian peace negotiations were led by […]
who managed to secure reasonable terms with the Treaty of […]
Sergei Witte
Portsmouth
this was Russia cede control of Port Arthur to the Japanese and acknowledge Japan’s authority over Korea
The war not only eroded the credibility of the Tsar, it sharpened the impact of an economic […]
that was gripping Russia. The Tsar’s government had increased military spending by what percentage?
recession
50%
hurting Russia’s new proletariat
