Approaches: SLT Flashcards
Difference between behaviourism and SLT
classical conditioning is a learning process by association, and operant is a learning process through its consequences. social learning theory is a way of explaining the behaviour produced through reinforcement, observation and imitation.
It looks at direct and indirect reinforcement and cognitive factors.
Albert bandura
believed that our behaviour is from experience and in SLT is through observation and imitation of others in a social context.
BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT
Bobo doll experiment
( original study ), AIM: to see if social behaviours can be learnt through observation and imitation.
Half the children were exposed to adult role models interacting aggressively with a life sized BOBO doll and the other half were exposed to non aggressive adults, two conditions.
The aggressive role model showed physical and verbal aggression
The children were shown toys they were not allowed to play with to arouse frustration and then taken into a room with the BOBO doll.
Bobo doll results ( 1st study ) and conclusions
RESULTS=
1/3 of children who saw aggressive role model repeated the same verbal responses as them.
None of children who saw non aggressive were verbally responding aggressively.
Most children showed aggressive role model repeated physical abuse
Bobo doll 2nd experiment
1963: SECOND EXPERIMENT ( Bandura and Walter) , AIM: to see if behaviour can be learnt indirectly through observation.
This time there were three conditions:
(36 boys and 36 girls from 3-6)
This time there were three conditions:
1: An adult showed violence and was rewarded.
2: An adult showed violence and was punished.
3: Control group; An adult showed violence and received no consequence.
They were then left in a room with a BOBO doll.
Bobo doll 2nd experiment results
RESULTS=
. The group who saw the adult rewarded were most likely to imitate
. The group who saw the adult punished were least likely
. Shows humans can learn indirectly by observing behaviour and consequence.
. Watching an aggressive role model had a greater impact on males than females when watching a same-sex role model. ( boys were more aggressive overall but less impacted by a femal model )
. Effect was stronger in general after watching a same sex aggressive role model.
Vicarious reinforcement
Vicarious reinforcement - indirect reinforcement through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour ( kids in 1963 BOBO doll experiment who saw reward were vicariously reinforced.
Limitations of SLT
Limitations
Biological factors underestimated in the study ( beta bias ) also no genes dna anything covered.
Deterministic: behaviour is result of vicarious reinforcement, not free will
Only looks at the short term effect ( for e.g: in bobo doll experiment )
Ignores side of nature in nature/nurture theory
Over reliance on evidence of lab studies, too controlled, kids might’ve showed demand characteristics
Strengths of SLT (2)
Strengths
Acknowledges cognitive factors and
Not as deterministic as behaviourist approach
Four mediational processes ARMM
1.ATTENTION : extent of knowledge
2.RETENTION : ability to remember for replication
3.MOTOR REPRODUCTION : ability for observer to replicate said behaviour
4.MOTIVATION : will to perform behaviour, usually determined by whether behaviour is punished/rewarded.
What are the four mediational processes for
Mediational processes must take place for imitation to occur after reinforcement.
2 first = learning process
2 last = producing process
