Appraoches : Psychodynamic Flashcards
Assumptions
A perspective that describes the diff forces/dynamics, mostly unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience
Unconscious =
: part of mind that we are unaware of but continues to direct a lot of behaviour
Three levels of the mind
Conscious -
Preconscious - contains thoughts/memories we arent consciously aware of but can access if desired
Unconscious -
part of mind that we are unaware of but continues to direct a lot of behaviour. Mostly repressed thoughts and instincts that drive what we do.
Tripartite structure of personality
Id: primitive part (instincts)
operates on the pleasure principle, id gets what it wants.
Drives and instincts
Selfish and demands instant gratification
Ego: reality principle(reality)
role is a mediator between other two parts
Ego develops at 2yo and is to reduce conflict between demands of id and superego.
Does this through defence mechanisms
Superego: morality principle
Formed at age of 5
Sense of right/wrong
Moral standards of child’s same sex parent
Punishes ego fro wrongdoing
Id
primitive part (instincts)
operates on the pleasure principle, id gets what it wants.
Drives and instincts
Selfish and demands instant gratification
Ego
- Ego: reality principle(reality)
role is a mediator between other two parts
Ego develops at 2yo and is to reduce conflict between demands of id and superego.
Does this through defence mechanisms
Superego
morality principle
Formed at age of 5
Sense of right/wrong
Moral standards of child’s same sex parent
Punishes ego fro wrongdoing
Defence mechanisms
result of disagreements between three parts of personality
Repression: forcing distressing memory out the concious mind
Denial: refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
Displacement: transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a target
Repression
forcing distressing memory out the concious mind
Denial
refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
Displacement
transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a target
Old apples please large giraffes ( 5 psychosexual stages )
State ages of occurence
Psychodynamic
Oral : 0-1
Anal: 1-3
Phallic: 3-6
Latent: 6-12
Genital: 12+
How do psychosexual stages happen
- the stages are child development
- each stage is marked be a particular conflict for the child to move on
- unresolved stage = fixation
5 psychosexual stages ages
Oral = 0-1 y/o
Anal = 1-3 y/o
Phallic = 3-6 y/o
Latent = 6-12 y/o
Genital = 12+ y/o
Oral
0-1
- focus is on the mouth because the child is being breast fed
- breast object of desire
Passive and receptive
Mouth is focus
CONSEQUENCE OF FIXATION = smoking, biting nails, sarcastic and critical
Anal
1-3 y/o
libido focus on anus cause of potty training
Ego develops cause parents start being more strict
First time child experiences any control (expulsion/retention) of faeces
CONSEQUQNCE OF FIXATION = anally retentive or anally expulsive
Retentive = perfectionists and obsessive
Expulsive = thoughtless and messy
Phallic
3-6 y/o
genital focus
Because aware of gender differences
Obsession with own genitals and superego develops through resolution through resolution of Oedipus or electra complex.
Identification with same sex parent = gender identity
CONSEQUENCE = narcissistic and reckless or homosexual
Latent
6-12 y/o
dormant sexual desires
No importance with opposite sex
Therefore no consequence
Genital
12+ y/o
mature adult sexuality
Sexual desires are conscious
Id starts becoming more powerful through heterosexual desires
Consequence if fixation = difficulty forming heterosexual relationships
Little Hans case study
longitudinal case cause he was studied from age three to five , using qualitative data from father of observations + convos with son.
Just before three Hans began to masturbate and mother threatened to send for doctor to cut his penis off
His sister Hanna was born and he hoped she would drown in the bath
He then developed a fear of white horses and being bitten by them, as a result of hearing another man tell his child he was going to be bitten and seeing a horse fall down
Hans was also anxious that his mother would leave and he experienced fantasies about a giraffe, plumbers and a parenting one.
Results of little hans case study
he as subconsciously scared of father (Oedipus complex), manifested in a fear of horses with a dark mouth and blinkers (representative of fathers beard and glasses),
Also the masturbation and obsession with penis was his phallic stage, and Oedipus complex was giraffe dream = desire to take mother from father and plumber = fantasy of becoming and identifying himself with father
Conclusions Freud made from little hans case
Phobias are therefore caused by unconscious anxiety and displaced onto harmless external things
HANS= example of unconscious determinism (not conscious of causes of behaviour)
Proves idea of psychosexual development
Pros/cons of little Hans case study
Cons
cant make generalised claims off of one study. He could be troubled/abnormal
Freud interpretations were highly subjective
Lacks scientific method/ research
Is not a testable theory
Pros
Oedipus complex =
boy begins to desire mother and wants to have sex with her
Boy sees father as a rival for mothers attention and wants to kill him
Fears that if father finds out he will castrate him
The boy is in conflict and resolves this by internalising father
Super ego develops and boy substitutes desire for mother into desire for other women
Electra complex =
girl develops penis envy and blames mother for removing her penis
Starts to sexually desire father who has a penis
Girl sees mum as a sexual rival for father
Girl identifies with mother so she can have her father sexually to resolve it
Then superego develops and gender identity and penis envy is replaces for desire for a baby
