Appraoches : Psychodynamic

Question 1

Assumptions

Answer 1

A perspective that describes the diff forces/dynamics, mostly unconscious, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience
Unconscious =
: part of mind that we are unaware of but continues to direct a lot of behaviour

Question 2

Three levels of the mind

Answer 2

Conscious -
Preconscious - contains thoughts/memories we arent consciously aware of but can access if desired

Unconscious -
part of mind that we are unaware of but continues to direct a lot of behaviour. Mostly repressed thoughts and instincts that drive what we do.

Question 3

Tripartite structure of personality

Answer 3

Id: primitive part (instincts)
operates on the pleasure principle, id gets what it wants.
Drives and instincts
Selfish and demands instant gratification

Ego: reality principle(reality)
role is a mediator between other two parts
Ego develops at 2yo and is to reduce conflict between demands of id and superego.
Does this through defence mechanisms

Superego: morality principle
Formed at age of 5
Sense of right/wrong
Moral standards of child’s same sex parent
Punishes ego fro wrongdoing

Question 4

Id

Answer 4

primitive part (instincts)
operates on the pleasure principle, id gets what it wants.
Drives and instincts
Selfish and demands instant gratification

Question 5

Ego

Answer 5

2. Ego: reality principle(reality)
   role is a mediator between other two parts
   Ego develops at 2yo and is to reduce conflict between demands of id and superego.
   Does this through defence mechanisms

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

morality principle
Formed at age of 5
Sense of right/wrong
Moral standards of child’s same sex parent
Punishes ego fro wrongdoing

Question 7

Defence mechanisms

Answer 7

result of disagreements between three parts of personality

Repression: forcing distressing memory out the concious mind
Denial: refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
Displacement: transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a target

Question 8

Repression

Answer 8

forcing distressing memory out the concious mind

Question 9

Denial

Answer 9

refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

Question 10

Displacement

Answer 10

transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a target

Question 11

Old apples please large giraffes ( 5 psychosexual stages )
State ages of occurence
Psychodynamic

Answer 11

Oral : 0-1
Anal: 1-3
Phallic: 3-6
Latent: 6-12
Genital: 12+

Question 12

How do psychosexual stages happen

Answer 12

• the stages are child development
• each stage is marked be a particular conflict for the child to move on
• unresolved stage = fixation

Question 13

5 psychosexual stages ages

Answer 13

Oral = 0-1 y/o
Anal = 1-3 y/o
Phallic = 3-6 y/o
Latent = 6-12 y/o
Genital = 12+ y/o

Question 14

Oral

Answer 14

0-1
- focus is on the mouth because the child is being breast fed
- breast object of desire
Passive and receptive
Mouth is focus
CONSEQUENCE OF FIXATION = smoking, biting nails, sarcastic and critical

Question 15

Anal

Answer 15

1-3 y/o
libido focus on anus cause of potty training
Ego develops cause parents start being more strict
First time child experiences any control (expulsion/retention) of faeces
CONSEQUQNCE OF FIXATION = anally retentive or anally expulsive
Retentive = perfectionists and obsessive
Expulsive = thoughtless and messy

Question 16

Phallic

Answer 16

3-6 y/o
genital focus
Because aware of gender differences
Obsession with own genitals and superego develops through resolution through resolution of Oedipus or electra complex.
Identification with same sex parent = gender identity
CONSEQUENCE = narcissistic and reckless or homosexual

Question 17

Latent

Answer 17

6-12 y/o
dormant sexual desires
No importance with opposite sex
Therefore no consequence

Question 18

Genital

Answer 18

12+ y/o
mature adult sexuality
Sexual desires are conscious
Id starts becoming more powerful through heterosexual desires
Consequence if fixation = difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 19

Little Hans case study

Answer 19

longitudinal case cause he was studied from age three to five , using qualitative data from father of observations + convos with son.
Just before three Hans began to masturbate and mother threatened to send for doctor to cut his penis off
His sister Hanna was born and he hoped she would drown in the bath
He then developed a fear of white horses and being bitten by them, as a result of hearing another man tell his child he was going to be bitten and seeing a horse fall down
Hans was also anxious that his mother would leave and he experienced fantasies about a giraffe, plumbers and a parenting one.

Question 20

Results of little hans case study

Answer 20

he as subconsciously scared of father (Oedipus complex), manifested in a fear of horses with a dark mouth and blinkers (representative of fathers beard and glasses),
Also the masturbation and obsession with penis was his phallic stage, and Oedipus complex was giraffe dream = desire to take mother from father and plumber = fantasy of becoming and identifying himself with father

Question 21

Conclusions Freud made from little hans case

Answer 21

Phobias are therefore caused by unconscious anxiety and displaced onto harmless external things
HANS= example of unconscious determinism (not conscious of causes of behaviour)
Proves idea of psychosexual development

Question 22

Pros/cons of little Hans case study

Answer 22

Cons
cant make generalised claims off of one study. He could be troubled/abnormal
Freud interpretations were highly subjective

Lacks scientific method/ research
Is not a testable theory

Pros

Question 23

Oedipus complex =

Answer 23

boy begins to desire mother and wants to have sex with her
Boy sees father as a rival for mothers attention and wants to kill him
Fears that if father finds out he will castrate him
The boy is in conflict and resolves this by internalising father
Super ego develops and boy substitutes desire for mother into desire for other women

Question 24

Electra complex =

Answer 24

girl develops penis envy and blames mother for removing her penis
Starts to sexually desire father who has a penis
Girl sees mum as a sexual rival for father
Girl identifies with mother so she can have her father sexually to resolve it
Then superego develops and gender identity and penis envy is replaces for desire for a baby