Approaches simple Flashcards
Who made psychology scientific
Wundt
What is meant by introspection?
‘Looking into’ the process by which a person gains knowledge about their inner mind through examining their conscious thoughts and sensations
What is meant by classical conditioning
Learning through association
What is the name of a study relating to classical conditioning
Pavlova dog
What is the basic assumption of the behaviourist approach
All behaviour is learnt.
Animals and humans learn the same
The mind is irrelevant
Is the behaviourist approach nature or nurture?
Nurture
What approaches are idiographic
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
What approaches are nomothetic?
Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning
What does the behaviourist approach ignore?
Complex learning
Genetics
Personality
Cognitive processes
Who does the behaviourist approach test on?
Humans and animals
What method of testing do the behaviourists use?
Experiments
What is the behaviourist approach known for?
Classical and operant conditioning
What approaches are reductionist
Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning
What approaches are holistic
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Is the behaviourist approach determinist
Yes
What practical applications came from the behaviourist approach
Systematic desensitisation
Flooding
What approaches are scientific
Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning
What approaches are not scientific
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
Does the psychodynamic approach argue nature or nurture
Both
Is the psychodynamic approach determinist
Yes
What are the main assumptions of the psychodynamic approach
Childhood influences our behaviour unconsciously
We have innate drives and motivations
What does the psychodynamic approach ignore?
Positive emotions
‘Normal’ individuals’
Biological factors
Who does the psychodynamic approach test on?
Humans only
What method does the psychodynamic approach use to test?
Case studies and therapy
What practical applications came from the psychodynamic approach
Therapy = psychoanalysis
What is the psychodynamic approach known for?
Psychosexual stages
Personality
Defence mechanisms
What are the basic assumptions of the cognitive approach
We are like a computer
The focus is on mental processes
Is the cognitive approach nature or nurture
Both
What does the cognitive approach ignore
Genetics
Personality
Motivation
Long term goals
Who does the cognitive approach test on
Humans and animals
What method does the cognitive approach use for testing
Experiments
Lab field and natural
Is the cognitive approach deterministic
Soft determinist
What are some practical applications from the cognitive approach
Recovering brains from trauma
Treating learning disorders
What are the basic assumptions of the biological approach
Behaviour is caused by hormones genetics and evolution and the CNS
What does the biological approach ignore
Environmental issues and cognitive structures
Who does the biological approach test on?
Humans and animals
What is the biologicals approach preferred method of testing
Experiments and twin studies
What is the biological approach known for?
Bartlett - neuroscience
Is the biological approach nature or nurture
Nature
Is the biological approach determinist?
Yes
What are some practical applications from the biological approach
Psychoactive drugs
BZ’s
Teach healthcare workings techniques for self soothing
What is the basic assumption of social learning theory?
We identify with role models.
We copy behaviour through vicarious reinforcement.
Is social learning theory nature or nurture?
Nurture
Is social learning theory determinist?
Soft determinist
What method does social learning theory use?
Experiments
Observations
Does social learning theory have practical applications
Understanding aggression and how to prevent it
What does social learning theory ignore?
Biological influences
Who does social learning theory test on
Animals and humans
What are the basic assumptions of the humanistic approach
An individual should be seen as a whole and are driven to their full potential.
Considers feelings and choices
What is social learning theory known for
Vicarious reinforcement
Meditational processes
Is the humanistic approach nature or nurture
Nurture
Is the humanistic approach determinist
No, it believes in free will
What practical applications came from the humanistic approach
A therapy
Client centred therapy
What does the humanistic approach ignore
Biological factors
Childhood and development
Cognitive structure
Who does the humanistic approach test on
Humans
What method does the humanistic approach use
Qualitative date
Questionnaires
Therapy
What is the humanistic Approach known for
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Roger self actualisation
Counselling
