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Psychology > Approaches simple > Flashcards

Approaches simple Flashcards

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1
Q

Who made psychology scientific

A

Wundt

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2
Q

What is meant by introspection?

A

‘Looking into’ the process by which a person gains knowledge about their inner mind through examining their conscious thoughts and sensations

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3
Q

What is meant by classical conditioning

A

Learning through association

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4
Q

What is the name of a study relating to classical conditioning

A

Pavlova dog

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5
Q

What is the basic assumption of the behaviourist approach

A

All behaviour is learnt.
Animals and humans learn the same
The mind is irrelevant

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6
Q

Is the behaviourist approach nature or nurture?

A

Nurture

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7
Q

What approaches are idiographic

A

Psychodynamic
Humanistic

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8
Q

What approaches are nomothetic?

A

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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9
Q

What does the behaviourist approach ignore?

A

Complex learning
Genetics
Personality
Cognitive processes

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10
Q

Who does the behaviourist approach test on?

A

Humans and animals

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11
Q

What method of testing do the behaviourists use?

A

Experiments

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12
Q

What is the behaviourist approach known for?

A

Classical and operant conditioning

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13
Q

What approaches are reductionist

A

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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14
Q

What approaches are holistic

A

Psychodynamic
Humanistic

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15
Q

Is the behaviourist approach determinist

A

Yes

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16
Q

What practical applications came from the behaviourist approach

A

Systematic desensitisation
Flooding

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17
Q

What approaches are scientific

A

Behaviourist
Cognitive
Biological
Social learning

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18
Q

What approaches are not scientific

A

Humanistic
Psychodynamic

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19
Q

Does the psychodynamic approach argue nature or nurture

A

Both

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20
Q

Is the psychodynamic approach determinist

A

Yes

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21
Q

What are the main assumptions of the psychodynamic approach

A

Childhood influences our behaviour unconsciously
We have innate drives and motivations

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22
Q

What does the psychodynamic approach ignore?

A

Positive emotions
‘Normal’ individuals’
Biological factors

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23
Q

Who does the psychodynamic approach test on?

A

Humans only

24
Q

What method does the psychodynamic approach use to test?

A

Case studies and therapy

25
Q

What practical applications came from the psychodynamic approach

A

Therapy = psychoanalysis

26
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach known for?

A

Psychosexual stages
Personality
Defence mechanisms

27
Q

What are the basic assumptions of the cognitive approach

A

We are like a computer
The focus is on mental processes

28
Q

Is the cognitive approach nature or nurture

A

Both

29
Q

What does the cognitive approach ignore

A

Genetics
Personality
Motivation
Long term goals

30
Q

Who does the cognitive approach test on

A

Humans and animals

31
Q

What method does the cognitive approach use for testing

A

Experiments
Lab field and natural

32
Q

Is the cognitive approach deterministic

A

Soft determinist

33
Q

What are some practical applications from the cognitive approach

A

Recovering brains from trauma
Treating learning disorders

34
Q

What are the basic assumptions of the biological approach

A

Behaviour is caused by hormones genetics and evolution and the CNS

35
Q

What does the biological approach ignore

A

Environmental issues and cognitive structures

36
Q

Who does the biological approach test on?

A

Humans and animals

37
Q

What is the biologicals approach preferred method of testing

A

Experiments and twin studies

38
Q

What is the biological approach known for?

A

Bartlett - neuroscience

39
Q

Is the biological approach nature or nurture

A

Nature

40
Q

Is the biological approach determinist?

A

Yes

41
Q

What are some practical applications from the biological approach

A

Psychoactive drugs
BZ’s

Teach healthcare workings techniques for self soothing

42
Q

What is the basic assumption of social learning theory?

A

We identify with role models.
We copy behaviour through vicarious reinforcement.

43
Q

Is social learning theory nature or nurture?

A

Nurture

44
Q

Is social learning theory determinist?

A

Soft determinist

45
Q

What method does social learning theory use?

A

Experiments
Observations

46
Q

Does social learning theory have practical applications

A

Understanding aggression and how to prevent it

47
Q

What does social learning theory ignore?

A

Biological influences

48
Q

Who does social learning theory test on

A

Animals and humans

49
Q

What are the basic assumptions of the humanistic approach

A

An individual should be seen as a whole and are driven to their full potential.
Considers feelings and choices

50
Q

What is social learning theory known for

A

Vicarious reinforcement
Meditational processes

51
Q

Is the humanistic approach nature or nurture

A

Nurture

52
Q

Is the humanistic approach determinist

A

No, it believes in free will

53
Q

What practical applications came from the humanistic approach

A

A therapy
Client centred therapy

54
Q

What does the humanistic approach ignore

A

Biological factors
Childhood and development
Cognitive structure

55
Q

Who does the humanistic approach test on

A

Humans

56
Q

What method does the humanistic approach use

A

Qualitative date
Questionnaires
Therapy

57
Q

What is the humanistic Approach known for

A

Maslows hierarchy of needs
Roger self actualisation
Counselling

Psychology (12 decks)

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