Approaches : Origins Of Psychology Flashcards
What did Wundt do in 1879?
Wundt opened the first experimental psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany and, as a result, Psychology began to emerge as its own discipline.
what did Freud do in 1900?
Freud established the psychodynamic approach. He highlighted the importance of the unconscious mind on behaviour and developed his own therapy called psychoanalysis.
What did Watson and Skinner?
- Watson and Skinner established the behaviourist approach.
- They criticised Freud and Wundt, arguing that true scientific psychology should restrict itself to studying phenomena that can be directly observed and measured.
- They believed that all behaviour is learnt and that psychologists should only be interested in observable behaviours.
What did Rogers and Maslow do? 1950s
Rogers and Maslow developed the humanistic approach. They rejected the views put forward by both the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches and emphasised the importance of free will by attempting to understand the whole person.
when did the cognitive approach emerge? 1960s
the cognitive approach emerged with the introduction of the computer. The cognitive approach was interested in studying mental processes; cognitive psychologists believe that we can make inferences about how the mind works based on results from laboratory
experiments.
When did the biological approach emerge? 1980s
The biological approach began to surface as the dominant approach in psychology. This was due to advances in technology, for example, brain scans that allow psychologists to have an increased understanding of the functioning human brain.
When did cognitive neuroscience emerge?
cognitive neuroscience has emerged in the forefront of psychology, which brings together the biological and cognitive approaches. This approach investigates how biological structures influence mental states.
What is Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)?
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) is often considered as the father of experimental psychology and was the first person to acknowledge himself as a psychologist
Wundt’s approach became known as structuralism
because he used scientific methods to study human consciousness by breaking its structure down into smaller components, such as sensations and perceptions. He developed a technique, known as introspection.
What is introspection?
Introspection means “looking into” and is the process in which a person examines their inner world, by
consciously observing their thoughts and emotions
What experiment did Wundt do?
Wundt trained his participants so that they could give
detailed observations from their introspection. He strictly controlled the environment where introspection took place, including the stimuli (e.g. images or sounds) and tasks (e.g. a description of their perception or emotions) that participants were asked to consider. The information Wundt gleaned from his participants’ introspection was used to shed light on the processes involved in human consciousness.
What did Introspection lay the foundations for?
Layer the foundations for the Cognitive approach
For example, Griffus - gambling study
