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A Level Psychology Year 12 > Approaches: Comparison Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches: Comparison Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological - Free will vs Determinism

A

Biological Determinism
Behaviour is controlled by internal biological factors (e.g genes, hormones, etc)

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2
Q

Biological - Nature vs Nuture

A

Nature
Behaviour is the result of innate biological factors

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3
Q

Biological - Reductionism vs Holism

A

Biological reductionism
Behaviour is broken down into biological structures and processes

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4
Q

Biological - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic
Creates universal laws using human physiological explanations

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5
Q

Biological - scientific

A

Scientific
The biological approach promotes the empirical
scienitific method of investigation

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6
Q

Behaviorist - Free Will vs Determinism

A

Environmental determinism
Behaviour is controlled by stimulus-response
conditioning

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7
Q

Behaviourist - Nature vs Nurture?

A

Nurture
Humans are born as a blank slate (tabula rasa)
and behaviour is learned.

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8
Q

Behaviourist - Reductionism vs Holism?

A

Environmental reductionism
Behaviour is broken down into simple stimulus response associations

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9
Q

Behaviourist - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic
Creates universal laws, as behaviour is a result of stimulus-response associations

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10
Q

Behaviourist - Scientific?

A

Scientific
The behavioural approach utilises scientific method of investigation and embraces animal research and laboratory studies.

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11
Q

Social Learning Theory - Free Will vs Determinism?

A

Determinism (soft)
Behaviour is controlled by environmental forces. However, humans have personal responsibilities and free choice.

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12
Q

Social Learning Theory - Nature vs Nurture?

A

Nurture
Behaviour is learnt via classical and operant
conditioning

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13
Q

Social Learning Theory - Reductionsim vs Holism?

A

partially reductionist
Shares elements from the behaviourist and cognitive approach

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14
Q

Social Learning Theory - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic
Attempts to establish general laws of behvaiour
(such as vicarious reinforcement)

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15
Q

Social Learning Theory - Scientific

A

Mostly scientific
But takes account of mediational processes

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16
Q

Cognitive - Free Will vs Determinism?

A

Determinism (soft)
Behaviour is controlled by mediational processes however, humans can
choose what information they attend to.

17
Q

Cognitive - Nature vs Nuture?

A

Nature & Nurture
Behaviour is the product of information processing and modified by experience

18
Q

Cognitive - Reductionism vs Holism?

A

Environmental
Reductionism Behaviour is investigated
in terms of isolate variables (such as STM
and LTM)

19
Q

Cognitive - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic
Attempts to establish general laws of cognitive
processing but utilises an idiographic approach with case studies

20
Q

Cognitive - Scientific

A

Mostly scientific
However, researchers are unable to directly observe cognitive processes

21
Q

Psychodynamic - Free Will vs Determinism?

A

Psychic determinism
Behaviour is determined by unconscious drives
and early childhood experiences

22
Q

Psychodynamic - Nature vs Nurture?

A

Mostly nature
Behaviour is the product of innate drives but shaped by early childhood experiences

23
Q

Psychodynamic - Reductionism vs Holism?

A

Reductionism & Holism
Behaviour is reduced to innate drives whilst taking account of multiple aspects of human
behaviour

24
Q

Psychodynamic - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Nomothetic & Idiographic
Attempts to establish general laws in relation to
innate drives, while considering unique
experiences during childhood

25
Q

Psychodynamic - Scientific?

A

Not scientific
Examins many concepts and theories which cannot be empirically tested.
Relies on subjective interpretation.

26
Q

Humanist - Free Will vs Determinism?

A

Free-will
Humans have control of their own environment
and are capable of change

27
Q

Humanist - Nature vs Nurture?

A

Mostly nurture
Behaviour is shaped by the environment as
humans strive to achieve self-actualisation

28
Q

Humanist - Reductionism vs Holism?

A

Holism
Focuses on understanding all aspects of human
experience

29
Q

Humanist - Idiographic vs Nomothetic?

A

Idiographic
Focuses on the subjective human experience and makes no attempt to create general laws

30
Q

Humanist - Scientific?

A

Not scientific
Rejects the scienitific method and is therefore
unable to provide empirical evidence

A Level Psychology Year 12 (36 decks)

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