Approaches - Cognitive (PAPER 2)

Question 1

What is the cognitive approach?

Answer 1

The study of internal mental processes

Question 2

Positive evaluations of the Cognitive Approach (AO3)

Answer 2

• Scientific, controlled approach
• Theoretical models produce testable hypotheses
• Cognitive neuroscience confirmed link between structures and processes (Tan)
• Practical IRL applications (e.g. CBT)
• Supports soft determinism

Question 3

Negative evaluations of the Cognitive Approach (AO3)

Answer 3

• Still relies on inferences (unscientific)
• Machine reductionist (computer model)
• Most research is highly artificial (lack of external validity)

Question 4

What is a schema?

Answer 4

A mental framework of basic knowledge about a concept of object based on previous experience - work as mental shortcuts

Question 5

What is the main advantage of schemas? (AO3)

Answer 5

Processes environmental information much quicker without being overwhelmed and allows prediction of future events

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of schema? (AO3)

Answer 6

Leads to inaccurate recall due to lack of focus on smaller details
Negative schemas leading to poor mental health

Question 7

How do cognitive psychologists explain mental processes?

Answer 7

Theoretical and Computer models

Question 8

What is a computer model?

Answer 8

Analogy between computers and humans

Question 9

What is a theoretical model?

Answer 9

Flow chart representation of mental steps

Question 10

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 10

The study of the relationship between cognitive and biological psychology