Approaches Flashcards
What is the behaviourist approach only interested in studying
behaviour that can be observed and measured
What is the behaviourist approach not concerned with investigating
mental processes of the mind because they are seen as irrelevant
Who was the early behaviourist that rejected introspection
John B Watson
Why did John B Watson reject introspection
involved too many concepts that were vague and difficult to measure
What do behaviourists aim to do in terms of control and objectivity
Behaviourists try to maintain control and objectivity in their research and relied on lab studies as the best way to achieve it
What do behaviourists argue
Behaviour is learned through experiences and interactions with the environment
Who came up with classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Who came up with Operant conditioning
BF Skinner
What do behaviourists argue in terms of stimulus- response mechanisms
They argue that it is only possible to scientifically investigate what can be directly observed and measured. This includes what you do to a creature and the resulting behaviour
What do behaviourists argue in terms of the mind
As the mind cannot be directly observed, it is a “black box” not suitable for scientific study
What do behaviourists believe in terms of environment
Behaviour can be predicted and controlled by manipulating the environment
What is classical conditioning
aka associative learning. Argues an unconditioned response e.g salivating to food can be triggered by a neutral stimulus e.g sound of footsteps through repeated pairing and eventually the neutral stimulus alone produced a conditioned response
What is stimulus generalisation
Responding to different but similar stimuli
What was the Metronome in pavlov’s study
Neutral stimulus
What is a neutral stimulus
A stimulus that before conditioning doesn’t naturally elicit a response
When presented with the metronome in Pavlov’s study what was the dogs’ reaction
No drooling
What is No drooling In Pavlov’s study
Neutral response
What is a neutral response
What was the food in Pavlov’s study
Unconditioned stimulus
What’s an unconditioned stimulus
something that naturally triggers a response
What did Pavlov do with the stimuli
Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus over several trials
In what order were the stimuli presented in Pavlov’s study
The neutral stimulus was presented just before the unconditioned stimulus Pavlov then recorded the dogs’ salivary responses
What Response from the dog did Pavlov observe
The dogs began to salivate not only In response to the food the (unconditioned stimulus) but to the metronome too the (neutral stimulus) even when the food was not presented
What did Pavlov’s dogs’ response show
The dogs had learned to associate the neutral stimulus with the food
