approaches Flashcards

Question

what does it suggest if identical twins have a higgher concordance rate than fraternal

Answer 1

the trait is genetic

Answer 2

G: twins may not be representative of other children due to them being only 0.5% of births R:twins are more common now. However, before the 1980s it was difficult to identify MZ twins which meant that DZ twins could be wrongly allocated A: identifying if certain behaviours are genetic are important in cases such as schizophrenia where parents may want to know V: confounding variables as twins may have not been raised the same. Biological determinism E:there can be issues with consent from the children.

Answer 3

These tests consist of comparing a trait or characteristic between adopted children and their biological or adoptive parents. We can conclude whether a trait is biological or environmental from these studies

Answer 4

G: may not be representative of everyone. They often separate under difficult circumstances R: there are alot of extraneous variables affecting the studies. A:could tell parents how to effectively parent their children V:their are confounding variables. Adoptive parents are picked to be as similar to the biological. Environmental determinism E: they use presumptive consent from the adoptive parents

Answer 5

Animals which have traits that provide them with an advantage are more likely to survive and reproduce. This thereby passes on the “adaptive traits”. This is known as natural selection because it isn’t decided by anything other than the advantages given by the possessor.

Answer 6

The principle of diversity Variety within a species The principle of interaction Which is how this variety of species adapt and fit in with the environment The principle of differential amplification Those who adapt to their environment will reproduce and those who do not will die out.

Answer 7

An advantage of this approach is that it can be used for lots of research and its real life application. This is because wh have been able to develop psychoactive drugs to treat mental illness An advantage is the scientific research involved. This can be done by using brain scans such as function magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 8

A disadvantage of this approach is that it is deterministic. It sees behaviour as being governed by only biological aspects, this means that it is limited A disadvantage of this approach is that it lacks internal validity. This is because the assumptions made forget confounding variables such as the factor.

Answer 9

They believe that human behaviour should focus on the subjective experience of humans.

Answer 10

Humans have free will and choice over their actions People have an innate drive to achieve their full potential Incongruence(a space between) of the self and ideal self prevent growth People need unconditional positive regard

Answer 11

Humans are 100% self determining A belief in free will does not mean that people are not influenced by internal and external factors. It simply means that people are active agents who can choose to reject these influences if they want and determine their own behaviour. Is a person centred approach

Answer 12

Believed that human behaviour is the result of our innate drive to reach our full potential Maslow argued that every person has the innate tendency to achieve their full potential (known as self-actualisation) in order to reach self actualisation you must meet other needs

Answer 13

Once you havemet all your needs your can work towards self-actualisation. Humanist psychologists believe that this is the way for humans to develop is to grow personally. Personal growth involves changing as a person to become fulfilled,satisfied and goal oriented.

Answer 14

that your actual self and ideal self have to be congruent (in line) with each other.

Answer 15

will experience a state of incongruence resulting in negative feelings of self worth this prevents them from reaching their growth needs.

Answer 16

Aim to increase self worth to reduce incongruence between ideal self and actual self

Answer 17

Believed that it was better to refer to the people who took on therapy as clients rather than a patient

Answer 18

Transformed therapy in the UK and US by introducing self directed therapy which worked for many people

Answer 19

in mild conditions and not severe

Answer 20

Saw individuals as an expert on their condition allowed them to be in control(guided by patient)

Answer 21

genuineness,empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Answer 22

Is not reductionist. Doesn’t reduce down to the simplest form. This is a strength because it takes into account every aspect of the mind and humans. They take a holistic approach. Is a strength because it recognises human behaviours complexity The humanistic approach promotes a positive image of humans and their future. This is because humans are reaching for an ideal self or actualisation (Maslow) and Rogers stated that your ideal self and current self need to be congruent. This is because all theories talk about goals. This is a strength because believing in free will and achieving goals is encouraging for people. It is less disheartening so positive for mental health